您要打印的文件是:1996年在职人员申请硕士研究生考试英语试题 打印本文

1996年在职人员申请硕士研究生考试英语试题

作者:    转贴自:


Paper One

Part II Vocabulary(10 minutes,10 points)
Directions:In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

  1. It was felt that he lacked the _____ to pursue a difficult task to the very end.
    A.petition
    B.engagement
    C.commitment
    D.qualification
  2. He does nothing that _____ the interests of the collective.
    A.runs for
    B.runs against
    C.runs over
    D.runs into
  3. Though he views himself as a realist, Cetron says that his findings make him very _____ about future.
    A.optimistic
    B.sympathetic
    C.objective
    D.precautious
  4. In such a changing and complex society, formerly simple solutions to informational needs become _____ .
    A.confusing
    B.acceptable
    C.complicated
    D.feasible
  5. When it comes to teaching _____ , many parents believe that if they love their children and treat them kindly, the kids will know how to behave.
    A.mentality
    B.morality
    C.majesty
    D.majority
  6. Exercise seems to benefit the brain power of healthy and sick,young and old _____ .
    A.alike
    B.alive
    C.together
    D.included
  7. History has demonstrated that countries with different social systems and ideologies can join hands in meeting the common challenges to human _____ and development.
    A.evolution
    B.survival
    C.rivalry
    D.dignity
  8. Although sports _____ the household,Joe drew the line when they interfered with family traditions and routine.
    A.overwhelmed
    B.affected
    C.dominated
    D.influenced
  9. Shopping for a new swimsuit is one of my least _____ activities, because I almost always get salesclerk with a sick sense of humor.
    A.favorable
    B.popular
    C.favorite
    D.beneficial
  10. It is during summer breaks that we first taste the satisfaction of work that _____ into hard currency.
    A.transfers
    B.translates
    C.transmits
    D.transplants
  11. Skilled technicians and advanced technologies enable us to build uncompromised quality into all our cars, because our first _____ is bringing you pleasure for years to come.
    A.prestige
    B.benefit
    C.privilege
    D.priority
  12. With keen _____ ,convincing facts and a global angle, Epstein vividly recorded a brilliant page of the great Chinese revolution.
    A.inspection
    B.intellectual
    C.intention
    D.insight
  13. Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages _____ television, radio and very shortly,electronic mail to bombard people with many messages.
    A.via
    B.amid
    C.past
    D.across
  14. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary _____ for reasoning.
    A.resource
    B.resolution
    C.requirement
    D.response
  15. Women's central role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been overlooked more often than it has been _____ .
    A.acknowledged
    B.emphasized
    C.memorized
    D.associated
  16. Technology has _____ the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
    A.formulated
    B.furnished
    C.functioned
    D.facilitated
  17. The new government _____ the foreign-owned oil fields one after another.[Page]
    A.took over
    B.took out
    C.took off
    D.took on
  18. One study found that job applicants who make more eye contact are _____ as more alert, dependable, confident and responsible.
    A.referred
    B.perceived
    C.recommended
    D.presumed
  19. Many proverbs _____ in ancient Greece and Rome and in medieval Europe, spreading from country to country in Latin texts.
    A.designated
    B.descended
    C.originated
    D.created
  20. To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed _____ and means of packing.
    A.specimens
    B.inspections
    C.paraphrases
    D.specifications

Part III Reading Comprehension (50 minutes,30 points)
Directions:There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

Questions 36~40 are based on the following passage.
    A proven method for effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson.The first step is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section headings, summary, and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as “What do I already know about this topic?” and “What do I want to know?” In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3 R's) is to read to find the answer to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before going on to the next section, you recite (the second of the 3 R's)the answers to the questions that you formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed steps 2,3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3 R's) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn. The mental conversation could take the form of asking and answering the questions formed from the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea.

  1. The passage implies that the SQ3R method _____ .
    A.needs to be proven
    B.leaves much to be desired
    C.turns out to be practicable
    D.cannot be used by every reader
  2. The SQ3R method consists of _____ steps.
    A.three
    B.four
    C.five
    D.seven
  3. According to the passage, the first step helps the readers _____ .
    A.read the first several paragraphs
    B.scan the whole chapter
    C.study the graphs
    D.get the theme of the chapter[Page]
  4. Which of the following is the fourth step?
    A.To question yourself.
    B.To read for information.
    C.To utter your answers.
    D.To draw a conclusion.
  5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
    A.In the last step,you should remember all the information.
    B.When you finish the last step, you will get both the main idea and the details.
    C.The mental conversation involves answering the questions asked by the author.
    D.While you are holding a mental conversation you select the important information.

Questions 41~45 are based on the following passage.
    Though it is mere 1 to 3 percent of the population, the upper class possesses at least 25 percent of the nations wealth. This class has two segments: upperupper and lowerupper. Basically, the upperupper class is the “old rich”—families that have been wealthy for several generations and aristocracy of birth and wealth. Their names are in the Social Register, a listing of acceptable members of high society. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockfellers, Roosevelts, and Vanderbilts. Most are not visible to the general public. They live in grand seclusion (深居简出), drawing their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. In contrast, the lower upper class is the “new rich”. Although they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have hustled (急于做) to make their money like everybody else beneath their class. Thus their prestige is generally lower than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who tend to look down upon the new rich.
    However its wealth is acquired, the upper class is very, very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to cultivate an interest in the arts and to collect rare books, painting, and sculpture. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind—all of which keeps them so distant from the masses that they have been called the outofsight class. More than any other class, they tend to be conscious of being members of a class. They also command an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they hold many top government positions, run the Council on Foreign Relations, and control multinational corporations. Their actions affect the lives of millions.

  1. All the following statements are true except that _____ .
    A.the upperupper class is of aristocratic origin
    B.the “old rich” enjoy higher prestige than the “new rich”
    C.the “old rich” isolate themselves and lead a lonely life
    D.the upper class owns at least a quarter of the country's wealth
  2. The “old rich” get richer _____ .
    A.through the Social Register
    B.through their reputation
    C.by investing their inherited wealth
    D.by collecting paintings and sculptures
  3. The reason why the “old rich” look down upon the “new rich” is that _____ .
    A.the former are wealthier than the latter
    B.the latter sweat themselves to make money[Page]
    C.the “new rich”have no interest in arts
    D.the “old rich” are conscious of being members of the upper class
  4. The upper class is also called the outofsight class because _____ .
    A.they keep away from the general public
    B.they spend most of their time abroad
    C.they move frequently from place to place
    D.they don't communicate with any people
  5. We can learn from the passage that _____ .
    A.the upper class is powerful and influential
    B.the upper class collects rare books to make money
    C.the upper class holds all top government positions
    D.the “old rich” makes much more money than the “new rich”

Questions 46~50 are based on the following passage.
    What, besides children, connects mothers around the world and across the seas of time? It's chicken soup, one prominent American food expert says.
    From Russian villages to Africa and Asia, chicken soup has been the remedy for those weak in body and spirit. Mothers passed their knowledge on to ancient writers of Greece, China and Rome, and even 12th century philosopher and physician Moses Maimonides extolled (赞美) its virtues.
    Among the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand in higher estimation than fourlegged animals because the air is less dense than the earth. Chickens got another boost (吹捧) in the Book of Genesis, where it is written that birds and fish were created on the fifth day, a day before fourlegged animals.
    But according to Mimi Sheraton, who has spent much of the past three years exploring the world of chicken soup, much of the reason for chicken's real or imagined curative (治愈的) powers comes from its color.
    Her new book, “The Whole World Loves Chicken Soup”, looks at the beloved and mysterious brew, with dozens of recipes from around the world. Throughout the ages,she said, “there has been a lot of feeling that whitecolored foods are easier to eat for the weakwomen and the ill.”
    In addition,“soups, or anything for that matter eaten with a spoon” are considered “comfort foods,” Sheraton said.
    “I love soup and love making soup and as I was collecting recipes I began to see this as an international dish…It has a universal mystique as something curative, a strength builder,” Sheraton said from her New York home.
    Her book treats the oldest remedy as if it was brand new.
    The National Broiler Council, the trade group representing the chicken industry, reported that 51 per cent of the people it surveyed said they bought chicken because it was healthier, 50 per cent said it was versatile, 41 per cent said it was economical and 46 per cent said it was low in fat.

  1. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
    A.Prominent American Foods
    B.History of the Chicken Soup
    C.Chicken Soup Recipes
    D.Chicken Soup, a Universal Cureall
  2. Since ancient times, the value of chicken soup _____ .[Page]
    A.has been overestimated
    B.has been widely acknowledged
    C.has been appreciated only by philosophers
    D.has been known only to mothers
  3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
    A.Chicken soup has a very long history.
    B.Since ancient times, chicken soup has been a home remedy.
    C.Poultry usually stands higher than fourlegged animals.
    D.Fourlegged animals were said to be created on the sixth day.
  4. Chicken soup has curative powers mainly for _____ according to Sheraton.
    A.its color
    B.its taste
    C.its flavor
    D.its recipe
  5. It can be said from the survey that chicken is _____ .
    A.a main dish B.a popular food
    C.cheaper than any other food D.all of the above

Questions 51~55 are based on the following passage.
    Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.
    With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.
    However,man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.
    The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae (水藻), fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
    Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.

  1. Man has changed his physical environment with a view to _____ .
    A.altering the physical features of the earth
    B.modifying the face of the planet
    C.improving his surroundings
    D.bettering his way of life
  2. According to the passage, pollution of the air and water is caused by _____ .
    A.thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehicles
    B.the changes of the environment that technology has brought to man
    C.the increasing amount of oil that has been produced
    D.industrial wastes discharged into rivers
  3. The ecological balance of the sea is lost when _____ .
    A.people consume more fish than they used to
    B.the ecological balance of the river is lost
    C.large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killed
    D.the production of marine petroleum is increased
  4. Who would most probably disagree with conservationists?
    A.Industrialists.
    B.Ecologists.
    C.Businessmen.
    D.Environmentalists.
  5. The purpose of the writer is _____ .[Page]
    A.to reduce modern technology
    B.to improve man's way of life
    C.to warn people not to change the natural environment
    D.to call attention to the protection of the natural environment

Questions 56~60 are based on the following passage.
    We all associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means “tradition”, and red means “social change”. But blue can also mean sadness (I'm feeling blue),white is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding, in western Europe white is worn at weddings and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty!).
    Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism(新陈代谢); day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore,is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity.
    In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms:either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; selfpreservation by its complement green.

  1. In Luschers view,the association of colors with feeling and attitudes can be traced back to _____ .
    A.the association of day and night with passivity and action in ancient time
    B.the association of black with funerals in western Europe
    C.the association of white with purity in some countries
    D.the association of red with joy in China
  2. Which of the following is NOT true?
    A.Dark blue brings tragedy.
    B.Dark blue means tradition.
    C.Dark blue represents night.
    D.Dark blue indicates quietness.
  3. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets to _____ .
    A.resemble ice
    B.show quality
    C.suggest purity
    D.attract customers
  4. In Luscher's view, which of the following colors is associated with defense?
    A.Red.
    B.Blue.
    C.Dark.
    D.Green.
  5. According to the passage, what kind of people would probably favor yellow?
    A.People who are passive and conservative.
    B.People who are creative and aggressive.
    C.People who are hopeful and active.
    D.People who are ideal and dreamy.

Questions 61~65 are based on the following passage.
    More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this promarriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.[Page]
    What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twentyfive years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children.Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriage, or the husband's, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses(配偶).
    Thus, one can find every type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with “fulltime” children from both the present and former marriages; marriages with “fulltime” children from the present marriage and “parttime” children from former marriages. There are stepfathers, stepmothers, halfbrothers, and halfsisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.

  1. By calling Americans marrying people the author means that _____ .
    A.Americans are more traditional than Europeans
    B.Americans expect more out of marriage than Europeans
    C.there are more married couples in USA.than in Europe
    D.more of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age.
  2. Divorced Americans _____ .
    A.will most likely remarry
    B.prefer the way they live
    C.have lost faith in marriage
    D.are the vast majority of people in the society
  3. Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today's American families?
    A.A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife.
    B.Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.
    C.Americans prefer to have more kids than before.
    D.There are no nuclear families any more.
  4. “Parttime” children _____ .
    A.spend some of their time with their half brothers and some of their time with their half sisters
    B.spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriage
    C.are shared between the two former spouses
    D.cannot stay with “fulltime” children
  5. Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families,_____ .
    A.the functions of marriage remain unchanged
    B.the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage
    C.most Americans prefer a second marriage
    D.all of the above

Part IV Cloze Test(15 minutes,10 points)
Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

    Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased [Page]66 that causes rapid rises in prices. 67 your money buys fewer goods so that you get 68 for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise 69 the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a(n) 70 when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore.”
    Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the 71 . Retired people, for instance,cannot 72 on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to 73 their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income 74 any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to 75 rising prices. In many cases they must stop 76 some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even 77 working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The 78 of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep 79 with rising prices. the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living 80 because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
    Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes 81 the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a 82 year as the base. The base price is set 83 100, and the other prices are reported as a 84 of the base price. A price index makes 85 possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.

66.A.spending    B.demanding     C.cosuming      D.saving
67.A.Because     B.While         C.Since         D.When
68.A.much        B.little        C.more          D.less
69.A.in          B.on            C.at            D.to
70.A.chance      B.time          C.moment        D.occasion
71.A.best        B.least         C.most          D.worst
72.A.rely        B.rest          C.depend        D.count
73.A.meet        B.obtain        C.care          D.acquire
74.A.or          B.and           C.excluding     D.including
75.A.live up to  B.catch up to   C.put up with   D.keep up with
76.A.to buy      B.buying        C.having bought D.from buying
77.A.for         B.to            C.of            D.if
78.A.price       B.level         C.cost          D.standard
79.A.race        B.pace          C.speed         D.step
80.A.as usual    B.as well       C.as before     D.as such
81.A.in which    B.from which    C.of which      D.by which
82.A.last        B.given         C.fixed         D.definite
83.A.on          B.by            C.at            D.against
84.A.portion     B.percentage    C.proportion    D.fraction
85.A.it          B.us            C.one           D.you
[Page]

Paper Two
Part I Error Detection and Correction(10 minutes,10 points)
Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled A,B,C,and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET.

  1. Not too many (A) years ago (B) my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C) jogging in public (D) .

  2. One expert remarks (A) that a computer with so (B) many tubes as the brain has (C) neurons would require (D) the Empire State Building to contain it.

  3. Despite (A) this similarity with other (B) creatures, the evolution of humankind differs from other species (C) in one (D) important and unique way.

  4. The scientists, concerned about (A) the potential hazards, wanted the latest (B) research finding made (C) publicly (D) .

  5. Among (A) all the poems I have read recently, Thomas Hardy's “The Darkling Thrust” seems (B) the most relevant to (C) our times (D) .

  6. The president devoted his energies (A) to update (B) the curricula, making (C) the education offered at Washington College as meaningful and usual as possible (D) .

  7. Failure to advertise could (A) result in either reduced (B) sales and less (C) profit nor (D) legal actions.

  8. Suddenly, Gallup's name was on everyone's lips (A) ; not only he was (B) the prophet of the moment, but (C) it was generally believed that he had founded a new (D) and most important method of prediction.

  9. Usually you will be more likely (A) to find insects if (B) you examine finer twigs rather than (C) the coarse (D) parts of trees.

  10. Office revolution not only (A) has changed how (B) work is done but redefined (C) the function of everyone who works (D) in an office.

Part II Translation(15 minutes,10 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

    在过去的几十年里,可能没有任何其他话题比领导艺术更受到管理研究者的关注。在管理人员的培训和开发方面,领导艺术也是最热门的话题之一。这表明专业管理人员对探索卓有成效的领导艺术的奥秘感兴趣。

Part III Guided Writing (30 minutes,15 points)
Directions: Migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities (外地民工为城市的繁荣作出了很大贡献). In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of 100 words or so about “The Role of Migrant Workers” (外地民工的作用). You can agree and/or disagree, completely or partially to the above statement. But no matter which position you take, you should give sound supporting reasons.
Part II Vocabulary

  1. (C) commitment
    本题的四个选项为异形异义词,要作出正确选择,最关键的是要结合题意。
    petition“请愿,申请,祈求,请愿书”。
    engagement“订婚,婚约;约定,约会”,如,He has a speaking engagement for next week.“有人约他下星期去做报告。”
    qualification“资格,条件,资历”,指通过训练、考试等获得的资格认证,一般跟介词for,如,political and physical qualification for a pilot“一个飞行员应具有的政治上和体质上的条件”。很显然这三个词都不合题意。[Page]
    commitment“承诺,保证”,如,If you have agreed to give a number of lectures, help to pay your brother's school expenses and give your sister $100 a year for clothes, you have quite a lot of commitments.“假如你已答应讲若干次课,又补助你弟弟的学费,又给你妹妹一年100美元的制装费,那么你就做了相当多的承诺。”根据题意,此词最符合题意,指这个人缺少一种把困难任务进行到底的承诺。
    参考译文:人们认为他缺少把困难工作进行到底的承诺。

  2. (B)runs against
    本题考的是动词短语的用法。这四个动词短语都是由动词run加介词构成的,但它们的含义大不相同。
    run for“(尤用于美国)竞选”,如,run for president/mayor“竞选总统/市长”。
    run against“违反,相悖”,如,This is one of the regulations that run against the law.“这是违背法律的其中一项规定。”
    run over“排练;温习;简述要旨;匆匆读一遍”,如Let's run over our parts again.“让我们再把我们的台词温习一遍。”He ran over his notes before starting his lecture.“在开始讲课前,他把大纲匆匆看了一遍。”
    run into“偶遇”,如Yesterday, I ran into an old friend in a pub.“昨天,我在酒馆偶遇一老友。”
    根据以上分析并结合题意可以看出,只有run against是符合题意的。
    参考译文:他决不干有背于集体利益的事情。

  3. (A)optimistic
    此题考的是一种习惯用法。
    optimistic“乐观的,有信心的”,如,He holds an optimistic view of events.“他对事物持乐观的看法。”
    sympathetic“有同情心的,表示同情的”,如,He feels sympathetic towards them.“他很同情他们。”
    objective“客观的,不受个人感情或意见影响的”,如,He is an objective writer.“他是一位客观的作家。”
    precautious“为了预防的,防备的”。
    对于未来的态度一般只能说“乐观”或“悲观”,所以此题的最佳答案为optimistic。
    参考译文:尽管凯特伦认为自己是一个现实主义者,但他说他的发现使自己对未来十分乐观。

  4. (C)complicated
    此题提供的四个选项为异形异义词,所以在进行选择的时候一定要紧密结合题意。根据空前的题句(formerly simple solutions to informational needs become) 可以看出,所要进行的选择一定要与simple相对应。
    confusing“混淆的”,指东西多或相近似而使人们容易把它们搞混。如,He often makes mistakes with the two confusing words:“Austria”and“Australia”.“对于‘奥地利’和‘澳大利亚’这两个易混淆的词他常出错。”
    acceptable“可接受的;受欢迎的”。
    complicated“复杂的,难做的,难懂的”,如,I find the British legal system extremely complicated.“我发现英国的司法体系非常复杂难懂。”
    feasible“(指计划等)可做的,可实行的”。
    由以上分析可以看出,与simple相对应的词只能是complicated。此句话的含义为,像过去那种用不同类型的烽烟等传递信息的办法对于我们拥有计算机、电报、电话等现代通讯工具的现代人来说反而变得复杂难懂了。
    参考译文:在这样一个充满变化而又复杂的社会里,以前那些解决信息需求的简单方法(在现在看来)却变得复杂了。

  5. (B)morality
    此题的四个选项为近形异义词。它们都是以ty结尾的名词,但意思完全不同。做此题时关键的也是紧密结合题意。
    根据题句的最后(the kids will know how to behave)可以看出,前面一定与教育孩子如何行为举止有关。
    mentality“智力;心理状态”,如persons of average mentality“一般智力的人”,a war mentality“战争心理”。无论是智力还是心理状态都是自然形成而不是教成的。
    morality“良好行为(准则),美德”,良好的行为和美德是可以通过教育而养成的,而且它也与题句后面的the kids will know how to behave相呼应,所以为最佳选择。[Page]
    majesty“帝王的威严,尊严;君权”。
    majority“多数,大半”。
    参考译文:当谈到道德教育时,许多家长认为只要他们爱自己的孩子并善待他们,孩子们就懂得该如何行为举止。

  6. (A)alike
    根据题意此空所需的是一个副词来修饰benefit,而在所给的四个选项中只有alike和together可作副词。
    alike“一样,以同样方式”,此词强调所提事物或人的全部或整体,要放在所提事物或人的后面,如,The strike is damaging to managers and workers alike.“罢工对经理们和工人们都在造成损失”。由此可见此词最符合题意。
    together“在一起,共同地”,此词只是强调人们 在一起 做某事,而不是指以同样的方式,如,They went for a walk together.“他们一起去散步。”所以此词不合题意。
    alive“活着的,在世的”,此词为形容词常作后置定语,如,Who is the greatest man alive?“当今最伟大的人是谁?”
    included“包括的,在内的”,此词也为形容词作后置定语,如,All of us,myself included,had been totally committed to the project.“我们所有人,包括我自己,都对此项工程非常地热衷。”
    参考译文:体育锻炼不仅有益于健康人和病人的大脑,它对年轻人和老年人的大脑也同样有益。

  7. (B)survival
    此题考的是一种习惯搭配法。
    evolution“进化,发展,进展”,强调一个长时间的渐进演变过程。
    survival“生存,幸存;幸存者”,如,They were struggling for survival.“他们为生存而斗争。”
    rivalry“竞争,竞赛,敌对”。
    dignity“尊严,威严”。
    通常我们都是把人类的“生存与发展”搭配在一起提及,而不是把“发展”和“竞争”或“尊严”相搭配;而evolution和development意思相近,也不合适,所以根据题意应选survival。
    参考译文:历史已证明,不同社会制度和意识形态的国家能够联手来迎接人类所共同面临的生存与发展的挑战。

  8. (C)dominated
    此题考的是近义词辨析。
    overwhelm“压倒;制服”,此词可以指某物或某人被彻底地击溃或控制,如,Their mission was to seize the bridges and overwhelm the garrison.“他们的任务是夺取桥梁并彻底攻占要塞。”此词还可以指人被某种情感所笼罩,如,She was overwhelmed with excitement when she heard the good news.“她听到这个好消息时极为兴奋。”所以此词显然不合题意,它对于本题句来讲意思过于强烈。
    affect“影响;感动”,指对另外一个人感情上的影响,如,He is always deeply affected by Handel's music.“他总是为亨德尔的音乐所感染。”
    influence“影响;感化”,指通过劝说、示例或行动等间接途径来引起另一个人行为或思想的变化,如,influenced by his biology teacher to take up the study of medicine“受生物老师的影响,他研究起医学来”。
    另外,influence和affect还都可以用于对外界刺激或行动作出反应的事物。influence一般用于无形的力量;而affect则用于有形的力量。如,to influence public opinion through the press“借助新闻媒介来左右公众意向”;to affect the size of a crop by using fertilizer“施肥料促使庄稼生长”。affect有时用于不受人欢迎的反应,如,Unusual exertion may affect the heart.“过分劳心费神对心脏有不良影响。”根据以上分析可以看出influence和affect都不符合题意。
    dominate“支配,统治,处于优势地位”,如,These issues dominated the election.“这些问题主宰了这次选举。”根据题意,dominate应为正确选择,题句意为“体育运动在家庭生活中处于支配地位”。
    参考译文:虽然体育运动在家庭生活中居于主导地位,乔却不允许它妨碍家庭的传统与日常工作。

  9. (C)favorite
    本题的四个选项为异形异义词。
    favorable“顺利的,有利的;赞成的”,如,a favorable situation“有利的形势”;Is he favorable to our plan?“他赞成我们的计划吗?”[Page]
    popular“一般的,通俗的,流行的”,指能为大众所接受的,如,popular music“流行音乐”。
    favorite“最受喜爱的”,一般指某活动或某物为人所钟爱,如,What is your favorite sport?“你最喜欢的运动是什么?”
    beneficial“有益处的,有帮助的(to)”,如A good environment is beneficial to our health.“好的环境对我们的健康有好处。”
    根据以上分析可以看出只有favorite符合题意。
    参考译文:买新游泳衣是我最不喜欢做的事情之一,因为我几乎总会使售货员产生一种令人恶心的幽默感。

  10. (B)translates
    该题的四个选项是近形异义词。它们都是拥有前缀“trans”的动词。前缀“trans”有两种:(1)“横越,横过”,如,transatlantic“横越大西洋的”,transcontinental“横越大陆的”;(2)“转变,转移”,如transform“改变,变态”。
    transfer“迁移,移动;调动,转移”,此词可以指物品位置的移动,也指人工作的变迁,如,The head office has been transferred from York to London.“总部已由约克移至伦敦。”He has been transferred from the Shanghai branch to the Beijing branch.“他已由上海分公司调往北京分公司。”transfer也有“转变,改变”的意思,并且也可以跟介词into,但通常它指转换比较具体的东西,如,transfer wasteland into fertile fields“把荒地变为良田”。由此可以看出此词不合题意。
    translate“翻译;转化,用另一形式表现”,如,translate an ideal into reality“把理想变为现实”,translate an instruction into action“把指示化为行动”。本题句意为我们的工作换来了金钱,即我们的工作以金钱的形式表现了出来,所以translate最合题意。
    transmit“传播,播送;传递,传导”,如,transmit a message by radio“用无线电传送讯息”,Water will transmit sound.“水会传声。”
    transplant“移植,移种(植物);移植(组织或器官)”,如,We transplanted the rose bush into the garden.“我们把玫瑰丛移植到花园。”Doctors are able to transplant kidneys.“医生能移植肾脏。”
    参考译文:那是在暑假期间我们第一次尝到了由劳动换来硬通货的满足感。

  11. (D)priority
    本题考的是四个不同名词的含义。作出正确选择的关键是紧密结合题意。
    prestige“声望,威望”,如,He is an author of international prestige.“他是有国际声望的作家。”
    benefit“利益,益处”,如,This book is of no benefit to me.“这本书对我没有益处。”
    privilege“特权,特许,特惠”,如,He demanded abolition of the privileges of the nobility.“他要求废除贵族特权。”
    priority“优先,重点,优先权;需要优先考虑的事物”,如,When there is not much food,children have the priority.“当事物不足时,孩子们优先。”The government gave priority to housing after the war.“住房问题是战后政府优先考虑的问题。”
    根据以上分析及句意的要求,priority是符合题意的,因为,“给您带来快乐是我们优先考虑的问题”,而其他三个词与题意都不符。
    参考译文:技术熟练的技师和先进的技术使我们生产出的所有汽车都具有无可挑剔的质量,因为我们把在未来的岁月里给您带来快乐放在最优先考虑的位置。

  12. (D)insight
    本题的四个选项为近形异义词。该题所提供的四个名词都是以“in”打头,但意思大相径庭,所以紧密结合题意是作出正确选择的关键。在此题中尤其要注意的是所选词与形容词keen“敏锐的”搭配。
    inspection“检查;视察”,如I gave the camera a thorough inspection before I bought it.“在买这架相机之前,我把它仔细检查了一番。”Last month the general made an inspection of the troops.“上个月将军视察了这个部队。”此词指为了找出毛病对某物进行检查或对某项工作进行自上而下的视察,所以含义显然与题意不符。[Page]
    intellectual“有智力的人,知识分子”,如,His father was an intellectual.“他的父亲是个知识分子。”此词可以与keen连用,但它与空格后的并列项convincing facts and a global angle不能形成并列,所以也不能选。
    intention“意图,目的”,如,He hasnt the slightest intention of marrying her.“他根本不想和她结婚。”此词显然不能用keen来形容。
    insight“洞察力”,如,The teacher has unusual insight into childrens emotions.“这位教师对孩子们的感情有非凡的洞察力。”
    根据上述分析,只有insight才符合题意,并且一般都用keen“敏锐的”来形容洞察力,所以答案应为D。
    参考译文:爱泼斯坦用敏锐的洞察力、具有说服力的事实和从全球角度出发生动地记录了伟大中国革命的光辉一页。

  13. (A)via
    本题的选项为异形异义的介词。
    via“经由;通过(某人或某物)做某事或得到某物”,如,We went to Paris via London.“我们经伦敦到巴黎。”The news reached me via my aunt.“这条消息是通过我姑姑告诉我的。”
    amid“在…之中”,如,Tombstones stood amid the swaying grass.“墓碑耸立在摇曳的草丛中。”
    past“经过,经由”,指路过某地,如,He hurried past me without stopping to speak.“他匆忙地从我身边经过,没有停下来说话。”
    across“横过”,指在一平面上从一边到另一边,如,Theyve just built a bridge across the river.“他们刚刚建了一座横跨那条河的桥。”
    根据题意,信息只能是 通过 电视、广播等传送,所以应选via,而其他三个介词的含义在这里都不合适。
    参考译文:电信业的发展能够使人们通过电视、广播以及不久将面世的电子邮件等获得极为丰富的信息。

  14. (C)requirement
    本题的四个选项为近形异义词,虽然它们都是以“re”开头,但意思完全不同。所以做此题时理解全句至关重要。本句的语法结构:前半句是个独立完整的句子,后半句是个独立主格结构,对前半句起补充说明作用。前半句说“智力行为需要记忆”,那么后半句补充说明一下,即“记忆就是推理(智力行为)的第一…了”。
    resource“应变之才,谋略;(复数)资源,富源”,如,He is a man of resource.“他是个足智多谋的人。”We must exploit the natural resources of our country.“我们必须开发本国的天然资源。”
    resolution“决心,坚决;决议”,如,show great resolution“表现得很坚决”;pass/adopt/reject/a resolution“通过/采纳/驳回一项决议”。
    requiriement“要求,需求,必要的条件”,如,There are two requirements for successors.“对接班人有两个要求。”
    response“反应,回答,响应”,如,My letter of inquiry brought no response.“我的询问信始终未得回音。”
    从以上分析可以看出,与前半句相结合,reqirement是最佳选择,即“记忆是推理的第一需求”。
    参考译文:所谓的智力行为需要记忆,记忆是推理的必要条件。

  15. (A)acknowledged
    本题的四个选项为异形异义词,所以进行选择就要充分考虑到题句的意思。原句讲“妇女在对自然资源的管理和对环境保护所发挥的中心作用经常被忽视而没有被…”。可见要选择的这个词一定是与 忽视 相对的。
    acknowledge“承认…的存在,认同;感谢”,如,He refused to acknowledge that he was defeated.“他拒绝承认被击败了。”
    emphasize“强调”,如,He emphasized the importance of careful driving.“他强调小心驾驶的重要性。”
    memorize“熟记,记住”,如,The girl was able to read a whole passage and memorize it in under three minutes.“那个女孩能在三分钟内读完一整篇文章并记住它。”
    associate“联想,联系,联合,交往”,通常接介词with,如,associate oneself with sb. in a business undertaking“与某人合伙经商”,associate one thing with another“将一事(物)与另一事(物)联系在一起”。[Page]
    从以上分析可以看出与“忽视”相对应的词只能是acknowledge“承认”,指妇女已发挥的中心作用没有得到大家的承认。这一作用连承认都没有,就更谈不上强调或记住了。所以不能选emphasize和memorize。
    参考译文:妇女在管理自然资源和保护环境方面所发挥的中心作用经常被忽视而得不到承认。

  16. (D)facilitated
    本题考四个不同动词的用法。
    formulate“明确地表达”,如,formulate ones thoughts/a doctrine“明确地表达个人的思想/学说”。
    furnish“供给”,如,furnish a library with books“供给一个图书馆书籍”,furnish supplies to an army/furnish an army with supplies“供给军队补给品”。
    function“起作用,有效用(vi.)”,如,Some English adverbs function as adjectives.“英语的某些副词有形容词的作用。”
    facilitate“帮助,使容易,使便利”,如,Modern inventions have facilitated house work.“现代的发明使家务的操作便利了。”
    根据以上四个词的用法,function是不符合要求的,因为它是一个不及物动词,不能跟宾语;furnish也不合适,因为我们常用furnish sth to sb.或furnish sb/sth.with sth.的搭配,这显然不符合题中句式的要求,而formulate放在句中是不符合句意要求的,所以答案只能选facilitate。
    参考译文:技术便利了信息的共享、储存和传递,因而为越来越多的人提供了更多的信息。

  17. (A)took over
    本题考的是动词词组。
    take over“接收,接管”,如,He is taking over my job during my holiday.“我度假时他将接管我的工作。”The large company has taken over some small ones.“这家大公司接管了一些小公司。”
    take out“除去,拔去,删除”,如,have a tooth taken out“拔牙”,How can I take out these ink stains from my blouse?“我怎样才能把我罩衫上这些墨水污迹除去呢?”
    take off“脱去,脱掉;起飞”,如,I did not know who he was until he took off his mask.“他摘下面具我才知道他是谁。”The plane will take off at 5 pm.“飞机将在下午五点起飞。”
    take on“从事,担任,承担;呈现”,如,He has taken on many responsibilities.“他已承担了许多工作。”He took on the management.“他从事管理工作。”The village has taken on a new look.“那个村庄呈现出了一个新面貌。”
    根据上述分析并结合题意,took over是最合适的选择,即“接管了油田”,而其他三个词组都不符合句意要求。
    参考译文:新政府一个又一个地接管了外国人占有的油田。

  18. (B)perceived
    本题的四个选项为异形异义词。
    refer(1)常用作refer sb./sth.(to sb./sth.)“送交,提交(某人或某机构)处理或解决”,如,The dispute was referred to the United Nations.“该项争执已送交联合国处理。”(2)常用作refer to“谈及,提及”,如,Dont refer to this matter again.“不要再提这件事了。”(3)常用作refer to sb./sth.as“称某人/某物为…”,如,The peasants used to refer to that landlord as “Liu the Despot”.“农民以前常称那个地主为‘刘霸天’。”
    perceive“感觉,觉察,看出”,如,On entering this house,we at once perceived him to be a man of taste.“我们一进他的房子,立刻感觉到他是个高雅的人。”
    presume“以为,猜测,假定为真实”,如,Lets presume that he has told the truth.“我们姑且认为他说的是真话。”Youd better presume no such thing.“你最好不要这样设想。”
    recommend“推荐”,如,recommend(sb.)a good book“(向某人)推荐一本书”,recommend sb. as a good electrician“推荐某人说他是好电工”。
    根据上述四个词的含义,refer一词后跟as 时常用于refer to …as的句型,变为被动语态时应改为be referred to as…“被认为是…”,所以此词不合题意;recommend常用的句型有recommend sth.(to sb.)(for sth.),recommend sb. sth., recommend sb.(for sth./as sth.),并且其后不能跟“as+形容词”等短语用法;presume一词通常用于一种假定的情形,即,假定一种东西是正确的。这样淘汰了三个词之后,只剩下一个正确的选择了。be perceived as“被认为怎样”,后面可以跟形容词,所以正确答案应是perceived。[Page]
    参考译文:研究发现,用眼睛交流较多的求职者被认为更敏捷、可靠、有信心和有责任心。

  19. (C)originated
    designate(1)“标明,指明,标示”,如,designate boundaries“标明疆界;(2)“任命,指派”,通常接to/as/for,如,designate sb. to an office“任命某人任某职”。
    descend“下来,下降;传下,为…的后裔”,如,The sun descended behing the hill.“太阳下山了。”According to the Bible,we are all descended from Adam.“根据圣经,我们都是亚当的后裔。”
    originate“起源,发起,发生”,通常接in/from,如,The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding.“争吵起源于一个误会。”
    create“产生,制造”,如,Experts create new dress styles for ladies every season.“专家们每个季节都为贵妇们设计出新型服装款式。”
    从以上分析看出,designate和create是两个及物动词,而题句所需的是个不及物动词,所以就排除这两个词;descend作不及物动词时后面常接介词from,是“为…的后裔”的意思,也不符合题意;而originate后却常接介词in,表示“起源于…”,而且在这里也符合题意,所以应选originated。
    参考译文:许多源于古代希腊、罗马和中世纪欧洲的谚语,在拉丁语课文中传遍各国。

  20. (D)specifications
    本题的四个选项为异形异义词,所以在进行选择时一定要紧密结合题意。根据题句,被选择词是用detailed(详细的,逐条的)来修饰的,所以被选择词一定要能与之搭配才行。
    specimen“样本,标本”,如,This is a perfect specimen of rose.“这是一个完美的玫瑰标本。”很显然此词不能用detailed来修饰。
    inspection“检查,视察”,此词只能用“全面的,彻底的”词等来形容,也不能用detailed来修饰。
    paraphrase“释义,意释”,如,This article was a paraphrase of Dixons own original article.“这篇文章是对迪克逊本人原文的释义。”此词指对比较难的文章的释义,与题句意思不符。
    specification常用复数,意为“规格,说明书,规范”,如,the technical specifications of a new car“一辆新汽车的技术说明”,specifications for building a garage“(建造)车房的详细规格”。此词可以用detailed来修饰,指详细的、逐条的说明或规格等。
    参考译文:为了让您对我们的产品有一个大致的了解,我们在经营产品目录表中附上了产品的详细说明和包装方法。


Part III Reading Comprehension

  1. (C)本文第一句指出,SQ3R方法已证明是有效的课文学习方法。所谓“有效”,当然是指有实效(practical),能有效地帮助学生掌握教科书的内容。
    B意为:还有许多要改进的地方。

  2. (C)SQ3R方法包括以下五个步骤:
    (1)浏览(S=survey):浏览该章题目、绪论、每节的题目(section headings)、小结及各种图表及插图。
    (2)提问(Q=question):指在开始阅读每节前根据每节的标题向自己发问,带着问题去阅读,以明确阅读每节的目的。
    (3)正式阅读(R=read):指实际的阅读活动,边读边为第二步中的问题寻求答案。
    (4)背诵(R=recite):阅读完一节后,将找到的答案复述出来,不能仅满足于找到答案。
    (5)复习(R=review):对所阅读的一章全面复习。

  3. (D)意为:了解某章的主题。第三句指出,第一步的目的是:概观(overview)全章,在实际的阅读前了解将要阅读的内容。
    A不对。从文章第二句来看,第一步并未要求阅读前几段。
    B意为:略读整章。即以较快的速度查读信息。与D表达的内容相比,B表达的是一种方法,不是目的。
    C意为:研究曲线表。这虽然是第一步要做的事之一,但却不是它要达到的目的。

  4. (C)第四步即复述背诵(recite)阶段,这时,读者应该用自己的话将寻找到的答案复述出来(say…out loud),即:要说出自己的答案(utter your answers)。参阅第七、八句。[Page]
    A表达的内容是第二步要求做的。
    B不对。第一、三步的目的都是获取信息,第四、五步是为了帮助整理巩固信息。
    D意为:得出结论。本文未谈到这个活动。

  5. (B)在第五步,读者复习整章,复习采用独自心灵对话的形式,对第二步提出的问题进行解答,也可以通过阅读小节中的提要并自己补充进细节的方法达到复习之目的。
    A不对。SQ3R方法并不要求读者记住所有的信息。正如在描述第五步时所说的那样,读者所应背诵的是自己筛选出的重点和要学习掌握的信息。
    C不对。正如在描述第五步时所指出的,读者采用的实际上是一种自问自答的心灵对话(mental conversation)。提问可以以每节小标题为线索来形成问题(参阅对第二步的描述),这并不是说作者对读者进行任何形式的提问。
    D意为:在进行心灵对话的同时,读者选择出重要信息。其实,早在第二步,读者对文章的信息已开始进行取舍:“What do I already know about this topic?”“ What do I want to know?”第四步要求背诵出要学习掌握的信息(information you want to learn)。另请参阅本题A的题解。可见,早在第五步--心灵对话--前,对信息的取舍过程业已开始。

  6. (C)意为:“旧富”们与世隔离,过着孤独的生活。原文第一段第六、七句指出,许多旧富不为大众所见,他们深居简出,靠世袭的财产投资收益生活;第二段第三句又指出,上层社会的人通常另居一处,有专门的社交俱乐部,彼此间也进行交往,并在本阶层中通婚,这一切使他们远离大众,他们甚至被称为“隐士阶层”(outofsight class),他们比其他阶层更有阶层意识。这使他们与大众确实离得很远,但这并不意味着他们生活孤独。他们自己阶层内部不断交往,另外,从最后两句来看,他们积极从政,干预政治经济活动,操纵着千百万人的命运。
    A与原文第一段第三句表达的内容相符。本句意为:从根源上讲,这些上等阶层的人是那些“旧富”家族--世代富裕的家族,他们出身侯门富家。
    B意为:“旧富”比“新富”享受更高的威望。第一段最后两句指出,虽然有些“新富”比“旧富”更富裕,但他们也像中层的人们一样忙于工作谋生,因此,一般来讲,其威望低于“旧富”,因为,旧富们不必动手赚钱--他们对“新富”因此也看不起。
    D文章第一句指出,上层社会仅占国家总人口的1%~3%,但却拥有25%的财富。

  7. (C)第一段第七句指出,旧富们为食利阶层,他们从世袭财富的投资中获取(draw)收入。
    A不对。第五句指出,“旧富”名列Social Register,标明他们上层社会的身份,但这与是否会“变得更富”无关。
    B意为:通过其名望。第六句指出,某些“旧富”举国皆知,但这与是否变富无关。
    D意为:通过收集油画或雕塑。上层社会的人有钱也有闲暇培养自己的艺术兴趣,收集珍本、油画和雕塑作品。可见,有钱收集这些东西并不等于可以从中赚钱。

  8. (B)意为:后者自己流汗赚钱。第一段最后一句指出,“旧富”不必自己动手去挣钱,不像“新富”们还要忙于赚钱,这是“旧富”看不起他们的原因之一。
    A不对。事实上,某些“新富”比“旧富”更富裕。参阅第一段倒数第二句。
    C意为:“新富”对艺术品不感兴趣。第二段第二句指出,上层社会的人有时间有钱培养(cultivate)自己对艺术品的兴趣。这里所说的上层社会包括了“旧富”,也包括了“新富”。
    D意为:“旧富”的上层社会意识强。原文第二段第四句指出,上层社会(包括“旧富”)有较强的阶级意识,但本文并未将这一意识归作看不起“新富”的原因。

  9. (A)第二段第三句指出,上层社会的人与大众距离甚远,他们甚至被称作“隐士阶层”。
    B不对。第二段第五句指出,上层社会的人有巨大的权利,他们对国内外事务都有很大影响,因为,他们操纵着对外关系委员会,控制着许多跨国公司(multinational corporations)。文中未提到他们是否“在国外度过大部分时光”。[Page]
    C意为:他们频繁搬迁。第二段第三句仅提到他们另居他处(exclusive areas),这里指的是他们不同普通人近邻而居。这与他们是否常搬家无关。
    D意为:他们不同任何人交往。这显然是错误的。参阅第41、44题解。

  10. (A)正如第二段第五、六句所指出的,上层社会的人权重责大、官大势大,他们的所作所为左右着千百万人的命运。
    B意为:通过收集珍稀版本来赚钱。正如对第42题D的分析中所指出的,说他们有钱有时间做收集并不等于说他们想通过收集古董或艺术品来赚钱。
    C意为:上层社会占据着政府所有的高级职位(position)。在第二段第五句中,本文用了“许多”(many)这个词,而不是“全部”(all)。
    D意为:“旧富”比“新富”赚得多得多。事实上,有些“新富”比“旧富”富裕。参阅第一段倒数第二句。

  11. (D)意为:鸡汤--公认的补药。作者在第二、三段简述了从过去到现在人们对鸡汤的青睐。第四段以后分析了人们喜欢鸡汤并认为它有疗效(curative powers或something curative)、能增强体质(stength builder)的原因。
    A意为:著名的美国食品(注意:foods一字在此用作复数,即不止一种)。第一段第二句中的prominent修饰的是expert,即一位著名的美国美食专家。
    B意为:鸡汤的历史。正如对本题答案题解时所指出的那样,本文的侧重点是人们普遍喜欢鸡汤这一现象及其原因,本文并未探讨鸡汤的历史。
    C意为:鸡汤食谱。倒数第三段指出,舍拉敦通过收集研究菜谱,发现人们对鸡汤的青睐是一个普遍现象--鸡汤是一个国际菜(international dish)。但本文主要不是教人如何做鸡汤。

  12. (B)意为:获得公认。文章第一句可译为:除了孩子以外,什么将母亲跨越时空联系在一起?舍拉敦回答说是鸡汤。文章第二段第一句指出,无论是在俄国的村庄还是在非洲或亚洲,鸡汤被认为有补神壮体的作用。第二、三段简述了历史上人们对鸡汤的青睐。
    A意为:被夸大了。根据第四段,人们对于鸡汤的认识有些是正确的,有些却是想象出来的(imagined)。这并不意味着所有认识都是夸大的、不真实的。
    C意为:一直仅为哲学家所欣赏。第二、三段中引述了两位哲学家对鸡与鸡汤的评价。这当然不等于说只有他们喜欢鸡或鸡汤。
    D意为:只有母亲了解。这显然也是片面的。

  13. (C)意为:鸡通常比四脚动物高(或高级)。在第三段,文章引述了亚里士多德的观点:鸡应该优于四脚动物,因为天空比地球更稀疏。亚氏的前提是:生物愈众,其价值愈轻;《创世纪》中也说:上帝第五天创造了天空、海洋中的生灵,第六天才创造了四脚动物。这两种看法当然不能客观地证明鸡优于四脚动物。
    A、B、D都与原文中所提到的内容相符。另请参阅倒数第二段并特别注意oldest remedy二词。

  14. (A)在舍拉敦看来,人们对鸡汤的治病强身作用的一些看法(无论是对的还有没有根据的)大多是根据其颜色而来的。参阅第四段。

  15. (B)文章最后一段提到了全国厨师协会的一项调查(survey)的结果,调查表明:51%的人买鸡是因为它有营养,50%的人认为它无所不能,41%认为它便宜,46%的人认为它胆固醇含量低。由此可见,人们大都认为买鸡吃对自己有益,特别喜欢吃鸡。
    A意为:主食。
    C不对。最后一句说它经济(economical)实惠不等于说它比其他食物都便宜。

  16. (D)意为:改进生活方式。文章第一句指出,有史以来,人们不断地改造自己的物质(physical)环境以改进自己的生活。可见,改变环境的目的是改进生活。注意:提问中with a view to意为:目的是。
    A意为:改变地球的物理特征。在本文中,第一段中的changed his physical environment与第二段第一句中的altered many physical features of the earth实质上是同义。B(意为:改变这个星球--地球--的地表)也是如此。
    C意为:改善人类的环境。其实,就人与环境的关系而言,改善环境最终还是在于改善人的生活。

  17. (B)文章第二段第一句指出,以技术为工具,人类改变了地球的许多物理特征。第三、四段具体地谈了在改变地球的过程中给生态带来的空气污染与水污染。[Page]
    A意为:机动车废气管排出的大量废气。废气污染引起的是空气污染。可见,该项表达的内空是片面的。参阅第三段。
    C油生产的增加并不意味着水污染的增加,只有溢出到水面(或地面)的油才会引起污染。参阅第四段。
    D意为:释放进河流里的工业废水。根据第四段,废水引起的主要是水污染。
    可见,C、D表达的内容也是片面的。

  18. (C)文章第四段主要谈水污染给环境带来的危害。由于油污染的增加,海中大量海藻、鱼和鸟死亡,海洋的生态平衡遭到破坏。同样的问题也存在于河流里,工业污水已使许多河流无“生”无息了(lifeless)。
    A意为:人们比以前食鱼多了。
    B意为:河流失去生态平衡。河流与海洋的污染并不存在因果关系。
    D海洋石油生产增加。注意:海洋石油开发与海洋的污染是没有必然联系的。文中所说的pollution from oil是指开采或运输等过程中溢入海洋的石油所造成的污染,如:著名的海湾战争中波斯湾的污染。

  19. (A)意为:企业家。从第三段和第四段可以看出,空气和水资源污染主要是社会工业化带来的副产品。
    B意为:生态学家。
    C意为:商人,泛指从事企业、商业等的经营者。
    D意为:环境学家,环境保护工作者。

  20. (D)意为:号召人们注意保护自然环境。本文前两段简述了人类对自然的改造和这一活动的良好意愿。但是,正如第三、四段所指出的,事实在许多方面与人的主观意愿相违:人在改变环境的同时也正在破坏生态的平衡。因此,在结论全文的最后一段作者指出:现在人类有必要限制一下技术的发展,以便使人类在地球上得以生存下去。这正是本文写作的目的。
    A意为:减少现代技术。限制技术的发展不是目的,当然也不是作者写作本文的目的。
    C意为:警告人们不要改变自然环境。这也不是作者所主张的。本文最后一段中的limit the growth of technology并非是不让技术发展,而是让它有限度的发展,某些技术--给环境带来较大破坏的技术--就不应该发展。相反,有利于人民生活又不会造成生态问题的技术作者肯定也是赞许的,只要用技术改造自然的目的是提高人民生活。

  21. (A)意为:古时候日与夜同主动与被动(passivity)的联系。第二段前三句指出,这些观念--将情感和态度与色彩相联--来自何处?吕树教授认为:人类伊始,生命听从于两个我们无法控制(beyond our control)的因素--日与夜的对立。夜与被动相联,通常意味着新陈代谢率的减缓;日与行动相联,意味着代谢率的增加,代谢率的增加给我们以行动的能量。这就是人们将颜色与情感态度相联的最初原因。
    注意:提问中trace back to意为:追溯到。
    B意为:在西欧,黑色与葬礼相联。
    C意为:在某些国家,白色同婚礼相联。
    D意为:在中国,红色与兴奋相联。

  22. (A)意为:藏青(dark blue)与悲剧相联。第一段第二句指出,在政界,藏青色常意味着“传统”;第二段第四句指出,藏青色意味着“安宁”,“被动”。而“被动”与“平静”又与夜晚相联。可见,B、C、D表达的内容是正确的。

  23. (D)文章第一段第五句提到,广告商知道根据人对颜色的反应来选择利用它。例如:皂粉采用白与浅蓝色包装(给人的感觉是清凉如冰)。可见,采用这种包装的目的是吸引消费者。
    A意为:像冰。采用这种彩色包装的目的不在于使它像冰,而是给人清凉感,使人展开美好的联想,因此吸引消费者购买。
    C意为:表明纯洁。第一段第四句提到,在某些国家,白色代表纯洁无瑕。

  24. (D)全文最后一句指出,进攻普遍用红色代表,而自卫通常用其补色--绿色。

  25. (C)第二段第四句指出,鲜黄色(bright yellow)象征着“希望”,“活跃”。
    A意为:被动保守的人。
    B意为:有创造力、好斗性格的人。
    D意为:爱理想化、爱梦想的人。

  26. (D)第一段第二句指出,在斯考尔尼克看来,美国人是喜欢婚配的,因为,同欧洲人相比,他们有更多的人选择婚配生活而且结婚较早。
    A意为:比欧洲人更传统。这显然没提到并且是不符合文章内容的。虽然美国人喜欢婚配生活,但婚配及家庭组合的方式已发生了很大的变化,这正是文章第二、三段(也是全文)旨在说明的。参阅第一段第一句。[Page]
    B意为:同欧洲人相比,美国人对婚姻的期望值更高。注意:本文只谈了美国婚姻家庭的变化这一现象,并未谈产生这一变化的社会或思想根源。第一段第一句是全文的主题:传统的婚姻方式目前出现了危机(或困难),但比这更令人意想不到的是婚姻本身却活力十足,正在蓬勃发展。
    C意为:同欧洲相比,美国有更多的已婚者。虽然这句话也可理解为美国人婚配比例大,但是,它与D比是片面的--美国人比欧洲人结婚早。

  27. (A)原文第一段第四句指出,即使将离婚率这一因素也考虑进目前这种倾向婚配(promarriage)的总趋势中,我们也会发现:80%的离婚者选择再婚。
    B意为:喜欢自己的生活方式--离婚独过的生活方式。可见,这与事实相反。
    C意为:对婚姻失去了信心。这也与事实相反,否则,他们大部分人就不再婚了。
    D意为:占社会中的大多数。相反,正如第一段第三句所指出的,结婚率在70年代初降到最低以后,一直到现在正处于上升阶段。

  28. (B)第二、三段谈了家庭组合方式方面的巨大变化,第三段第一句是第二段的总结句和第三段的主题句:人们可以看到各种家庭组合方式。
    A意为:典型的美国家庭仅由夫妻二人组成。
    C意为:美国人比以往更喜欢要更多的孩子。事实上,正如第二段第三句所指出的,现在,许多夫妇选择不要孩子。后文谈到的家庭内有时出现的复杂关系仅是为了说明家庭组合方式的多样化,并非是说生的孩子多了。
    D意为:核心家庭不存在了。第二段第一、二句指出,比婚姻方式变化更大的是核心家庭的变化。25年前,典型的美国家庭由一对夫妇和两三个孩子组成。第三段第四句也指出了这一现象。但这并非是说传统的家庭已不复存在了,它仅强调了变化--无论这一变化有多大。

  29. (C)文章第三段戏称某些孩子是“全时的”和“非全时的”,所谓“非全时的”是指原配偶双方(离婚后)共同承担养育的孩子,即:孩子交替住在原父母的家里;“全时的”指孩子在父母离婚后由父亲或母亲单独带养。参阅第二段最后一句。
    A意为:一半时间同异父(母)同母(父)兄弟(half brothers)在一起,一半时间同异父(母)同母(父)姐妹在一起。
    B意为:同原父母中的一个单身一起生活。这是指第三段中所谓“全时的”孩子。

  30. (B)意为:大多数美国人仍对婚姻有信心。这是全文旨在说明的。文章的第一句及最后一句都突出了这一主旨,文章的最后一句是全文的结论:即使这样,在这一现象的背后仍然存在着这样一个不变的事实(constant):大多数美国成年人过着婚配生活。
    A意为:婚姻的功能(或目的)没有变化。这是不对的。例如:婚姻的(传统)目的之一是生儿养女,繁衍后代,而现在许多夫妇决定不要孩子,这就是变化。参阅第二段第三句。
    C意为:多数美国人喜欢二婚。文章提到:80%的离婚者选择再婚,这不等于说大多数人喜欢二婚。

Part IV Cloze Test

  1. (A)spending
    spending“花费,开销”,如,military spending“军费”。
    demanding“要求;查问;需要”。
    consuming“消费,消耗”。
    saving“节约,节俭,储蓄”。
    根据文章的内容及普通常识,选择A项是不难的。

  2. (D)when
    A项和C项引导原因状语从句,在此与上下文的内容不符,故是错误的。B项while也有“当…的时候”的意思,但连接的两个动作同时发生,如Please be quite while I'm talking to you.“当我和你讲话的时候,请保持安静。”
    when“当…时,在…的时候”。该句实际上通俗地解释了什么是通货膨胀。

  3. (D)less
    根据文意只能选B项little或D项less。但前文提到fewer goods是可数名词的比较,因此,只能选D项。little表示不可数名词的比较。

  4. (A)in
    这里只能选in,因为a rise in sth是固定用法,意思是“某物或某方面有增长或提高”。

  5. (B)time
    time“时间,一段时间;时期”,在此作“时期”解,如,He was no longer President of the university in my time.“我在那个大学的时期,他已不是校长了。”[Page]
    chance“机会;可能;命运”。
    moment“瞬间,片刻”。
    occasion“时机;场合;理由”。
    根据上下文的意思,应选择B。

  6. (C)most
    原文中有定冠词the,从语法角度看,四个选项都能和the连用,因而都对。但根据文章内容的要求,这里只能选C项most。文中提到通货膨胀对所有的消费者来说都是一个问题。下文提到几种典型的受到通货膨胀打击最大的人。

  7. (D)count
    四个选项都能与on搭配使用。
    count on“指望,期望;依靠”,如,You had better not count on an increase in your salary at present.“你最好不要期望现在加薪。”
    rely on同depend on近义。rely on指有理由依赖、相信某人或某物。如,He relies on his parent's advice.“他信赖父母的劝告。”depend on指认为某人或某物会给予帮助、支持而信赖,这种信任和依靠有可能有理由,也可能没有。如,She depends on her friends to make her decisions.“她依靠朋友替她做决定。”rest on“为…所支持;散布于…之上;(眼睛)凝视”。如,The roof rests on eight columns.“这屋顶由8根圆柱支持着。”
    原句的意思是:在通货膨胀期间,退休的人们不能随物价的增长而期望加薪。

  8. (A)meet
    meet one's needs“满足某人的需求”,固定用法。
    obtain“获得”;care“关心;顾虑”;acquire“获得”。
    obtain与acquire是近义词,均指获得。obtain指努力工作或努力而得到所需要的东西,如,I obtained permission to go.“我获准离开”。acquire强调经过自己的努力学习而获得,如,I acquired a reading knowledge of German.“我学会了如何读德文。”

  9. (A)or
    此题根据上下文作出判断。
    and表示并列或对称的关系。由于句子的助动词是单数形式,所以不能用and。
    excluding“把…排除在外,不包括”。
    including“包括”。
    由此可见,选择C项和D项与文意不符。

  10. (D)keep up with
    该题考的是这几个短语动词的不同意义。
    keep up with“跟上”,与 catch up with同义。
    live up to“实践(原则、誓言等);做到;与…相等”,如,He was a man who lived up to his promises.“他是个从不食言的人。”
    catch up on“向某人指出错误”,如,We caught the teacher up on a number of mistakes.“我们向老师指出若干错误。”
    put up with“忍受,容忍”。

  11. (B)buying
    该题考的是有关语法知识。
    stop doing sth.“停止做某事,不要做某事”。
    stop to do sth.意思是停下正在做的一件事而去干另一件事。
    having bought是完成时态。本文讲的是通货膨胀时期出现的普通现象,应用一般现在时。
    from buying与前文连起来语法结构不对。

  12. (A)for
    英语中,习惯上说for sb.,to sth.。
    even if 引导让步状语从句,而原文是一个词组,故不对。
    of在原文中语法结构不对。

  13. (C)cost
    此句可从上下文的意思上判断。
    cost“费用”,如,cost of living生活费用。
    price“价格,价钱”。
    level“水平面;标准;程度”。
    standard“标准,水准”。

  14. (B)pace
    keep pace with“跟上,赶上”。固定用法。
    race“比赛”;speed“速度”;step“脚步”。

  15. (B)as well
    原句可理解为…,but they are not living as well as before during inflation period because…这样句子结构就完整了,语义也就清楚了。as… as在这里是“像…一样…”的意思。
    as usual“像通常”与as before“像以前”太笼统;as such“照此,本身”,如,The gift as such was of little value, but I loved it because my son had made it himself.“这个礼物本身没有什么价值,但是我喜欢它,因为这是我儿子亲手做的。”

  16. (B)from which
    which引导一个定语从句,其先行词是price indexes“价格指数”。from,“从…”。原文的意思是政府部门搜集有关物价的信息并作为物价指数而公布,从物价指数可以决定物价变化的比率。[Page]

  17. (B)given
    given“一定的,特定的”。
    last“最后的”;fixed“固定的”;definite“明确的,肯定的,确切的”。
    除A.last“最后的;最近的”外,B.given; C.fixed“固定的,不变的” ;D.definite“正确的;明确的”语法结构都正确,但根据文意,B最好。

  18. (C)at
    英语中,表示速度、价格等用介词at,是固定搭配,其他各项都不对。

  19. (B)percentage
    percentage“百分数,百分率”。
    portion“一部分;一份”;proportion“比,比率,比例”,如,the proportion of three to one“三与一之比”。又如,the proportion of births to population“人口出生率”。
    fraction“分数”,如,a proper fraction“真分数”。
    很显然,A项和C项不正确。至于D项,实际上现行价格和一定的基础价格相比较是用百分比来表示的,而不是用分数,所以D项也不合适。

  20. (A)it
    it在该句中是形式宾语,真正的宾语是to compare… with…。其他三个选项均为人称代词或名词不具有此语法功能,故是错误的。

Paper Two试卷二
Part I Error Detection and Correction

  1. (C)错应改成to be seen
    担任原因状语从句主语的she同时又是不定式to see的逻辑主语,与其关系是受动,即表示主语she所承受的动作“被看见”,所以应用不定式被动态to be seen。全句的意思是“不几年前母亲在房后的小巷子里跑步,因为她不好意思让人看见在众人面前小跑”。
    不定式用主动态还是用被动态取决于其与逻辑主语的关系是施动还是受动,即是动作发出者还是承受者。例如:I didn't like to be treated like that.“我不喜欢别人那样对待我。”(不定式的逻辑主语是I,是动作treat的承受者)I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon.“我绝没想到鞋这么快就穿坏了。”(不定式的逻辑主语是 the shoes,是动作to wear的承受者)

  2. (B)错应改成as
    此句语法结构比较复杂,…that…从句是remarks的宾语,在这个宾语从句中,主语是a computer with as many as the brain has neurons,谓语是would require,其余的是宾语。在主语部分中,with as many as the brain has neurons是修饰computer的定语,其中还含有一个as…as…比较结构。as…as…是表示同级比较的肯定形式,而(not)so…as…用于否定结构,而题句是肯定句,由此得出B项中so是错误的。另外,还应注意到,介词短语with…虽然从语法作用上分析是定语,但从意义上看却表示含蓄虚拟条件(与without的作用相同,只不过表示肯定意义),所以谓语也采用了虚拟形式would require。搞清楚全句的语法层次,对于理解句子的意义,分辨出错误所在,起关键作用。全句大意为:“一位专家说,一个计算机如果装有同大脑神经原一样多的晶体管,则需要帝国大厦才容纳得下。”

  3. (C)错应改成that of other species
    此题涉及比较结构中最常见的错误,也是经常设置在改错试题中的错误,即相对比的内容不一致的问题,如题句应该是the evolution of humankind differs from the evolution of other species“人类的进化不同于其他物种的进化”,即“进化”与“进化”相比,但题句却是“进化”与“其他物种”相对比,是缺乏逻辑的比较,所以是错误的。用代词that指代evolution以避免重复。1995年也考了比较内容对称性的问题。参见1995年辨错改错题1。

  4. (D)错应改成 public
    make sth. public意为“使某事公开”,public是宾语补足语,在句中补充说明宾语the latest research finding的结果。而publicly是副词,副词的主要句法功能是作状语,修饰形容词、动词、副词或全句,表示程度、方式等意义。显然题句中publicly“公开地”不可能修饰动词made,因语义上讲不通,不是“公开地使最新的研究结果如何如何”,而是“使最新的研究结果公开(不再保密)”。
    形容词的句法作用之一是作补足语,包括宾语补足语和主语补足语,如:They have painted the walls [Page]green .(宾补)The fish are kept alive.(主补)
    可用形容词作补语的常用动词有:believe,consider,deem,feel,find,keep,leave,judge,make,prove,turn,paint,dye等。

  5. (A)错应改成 Of
    of,among都是用来表示最高级形式比较范围的介词,其区别是of表示“在…当中,唯一最…”,among则表示“在…当中,…是最…之一”,相当于one of,试比较:I am among the least experienced teachers here.“我是这里最没经验的教师之一。”Of all the teachers here,I am the least experienced.“这里所有的教师当中,我是最没经验的。”Egypt is among the oldest countries in the world.“埃及是世界上最古老的国家之一。”
    另外,of all 经常在一起使用,而among却不接all,从这一点也可以判断出A是错误的。

  6. (B)错应改成updating
    分辨出此题错误,关键是掌握词组devote sth.to sth.,to是介词,不是不定式符号,所以后面不能接不定式,只能接名词或动名词。
    带介词to的动词词组常用的有:look forward to,object to,oppose to,resort to,devote to,dedicate to,be used to,be accustomed to,confess to。

  7. (D)错应改成or
    either…or…是表示选择意义的并列连词,而neither…nor…是表示否定意义的并列连词,每个并列连词必须成对出现,两个并列连词不可混用。而题句违反了这一规则,将either与nor一起使用,所以是错误的。1995年曾出过测试同一并列连词的试题,见辨错改错题6。

  8. (B)错应改成 was he
    not only…but also为并列连词,意为“不仅…而且… ”,连接两个相同的句子成分。not only置于句首时,并且连接的是两个句子,该句谓语要倒装,but also后结构不变。在这一结构中,also可以省略,或置于第二句的主语之后。如:Not only was he good at English,but he (also)got good marks for all the courses he had taken.

  9. (D)错应改成coarser
    rather than是固定词组,表示对比,意为“是…而不是…”,它的句法作用相当于连词,即前后成分相同,保持对称平衡。如:We aim at quality rather than quantity.“我们的目的在于(提高)质量,而不是数量。”(接名词,作at的宾语)I would do it myself rather than ask him to do it.“我宁愿自己做,不愿请他做。”(接动词)He prefers to rent a car rather than to have one of his own.“他宁愿租车也不愿自己买车。”(接不定式)They favour gradual rather than radical change.“他们赞成逐渐的而不是剧烈的变化”。(接形容词)
    题句中rather than前后对比的结构是形容词比较级,所以coarse是错误的,改成coarser与finer对称。

  10. (C)错应改成has redefined
    前面讲过,not only…but also应该连接两个相同的句子成分,即均置于宾语、或主语、或均置谓语动词前,否则是不平衡的。题句中not only和but also连接的是两个谓语及宾语,所以应分别置于has changed和 has redefined之前, C项中去掉了has,使得这一结构连接的成分变得不相同,所以是错误的。如果将题句稍作改动,即:Office revolution has not only changed…but redefined…就对了。

Part II Translation
译文1(直译):
    In the past few decades,perhaps no other topics have received more attention from management researchers than the subject of art of leadership.It is also one of the hottest topics in the training and exploiting of management personnel.This indicates that professional management are interested in probing the mysteries of effective leadership.

译文2(意译):
    Probably no other single topic has gained more attention from management researchers in the last few decades than leadership.The subject also persists,year in year out,as one of the hottest topics in management training and development,indicating the practicing managers are still interested in discovering the secrets to effective leadership[Page]

解析:
    本段短文的主题在第一句话,即:领导艺术是最受管理研究者关注的话题。“管理、管理人员”在英文里都可译成management;“受到关注”,指受到关心、重视,可译为receive attention,draw attention,gain attention等;“在管理人员的培训和开发方面”指培养、训练、发掘管理方面的人才,即in the training and developing of management;“探索”在文中相当于英语的seek,probe,discover;“卓有成效”指效果显著的,有效果的,可译成effective,但不能译成efficient(效率);“奥秘”即secret(秘诀),如:the secret of success(成功的秘诀),the secret of health(健康的秘诀)等,也可译成mystery;“领导艺术”指领导能力和富有创造性的领导方式、方法等,可直译为the art of leadership或leadership。

Part III Guided Writing

The Role of Migrant Workers


Sample 1 (14 points)
    Migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities.They leave their homeland for better chances.Some want to change their destiny,some want to make a fortune.Whatever the purposes they cherished when millions of them streamed into big cities,they have promoted the development of cities.
    Most of the migrant workers are hard working and unafraid of hardships.They take up the dirtiest,the most strenuous or dangerous jobs which city labourers are unwilling to do.With lots of buildings they have set up and streets they have kept clean,they have helped modenize and beautify cities.Not only have they become the main work force in the construction sector,they also have helped liberate city women from heavy housewok chores by taking care of the babies,cleaning houses or providing any other services citizens need.
    Although some of the citizens complain about the increasing number of the problems such as theft,robbery a few of migrant workers have committed,most of the citizens agree that their contribution is obvious, and with better management,their role in the constuction of cities will definitely be greater.

评语:
    内容切题,包括题目的全部要点,即流动人口对城市的贡献,全文围绕这一观点展开,层次清楚,逻辑性强。文字连贯,句式有变化,句子结构和用词正确,有个别单词拼写有误。

Sample 2 (11 points)
    Migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities.Millions of migrant people reach the cities to seek job and earn money.You may discover them in many kinds of work such as restaurants,shopping center or construction site.They have been doing their efforts to make our cities beaufiful.The number of tall buildings,street gardens,bridges have increased sharply these year.It was the migrant workers that build them.The migrant workers always do the hardest and dirtiest jobs which the city people are unwilling to do.
    Generally speaking,migrant workers are of great significance to our cities.Although their arrival has brought about some social problems,they have become one of indispensible work forces in cities.If there is better management,they make more contribution to cities.

评语:
    内容切题,包括题目的全部要点。表达基本清楚,文字基本连贯,句式有一定变化。句式有两三处有错,最后一句主句they make more contribution中要加will;doing their efforts搭配不当,应为making their efforts;还有一处时态不一致:It was the migrant workers that build them,build 改为built,还有一些名词应为复数。

Sample 3 (8 points)
    Migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities.They came to cities and do all kinds of dirty and tiring work.People in cities do not want to do such job.But migrant workers don’t care much.As long as they can find a job to earn some money they can bear anything.
    The contribution migrant workers make for the socety at least lies in the following.First migrant workers bring a lot of skills to large city and propel the rush to the prosperity.Second we can see they make up the labour short.Third migrant workscan makes the sociol alive.
    But,migrant workers may cause a ill efect.they move from place to place.What prevent this?The best way is to rely on government.We can make full use of good factors and contol the bad factors of migrant workers.

评语:
    内容基本切题,包括题目要点,但从短文整体看,一些文字不够准确,表达不很清楚。有些句子时态不一致,如:They came to cities and do all kinds of dirty and tiring work。有较多的拼写错误,没有分清society,social的词性,First,Second等过渡词后应加逗号。

Sample 4 (5 points)
    Migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities.In present years migrant workers more and more crowd into big city.They worked harder and bitter than people.Their arriv bring profit and many issus at the same time.
    Migrant workers mostly came from the necessity regons.They came big city make money to surppose family.So they must work harder than other people.Citizen wouldn’the work.So the prosperity of citi couldn’t without the migrant workers.

评语:
    内容基本切题,包括题目要点。语句尚可理解。句子结构、用词、单复数、拼写等错误很多,文章长度不符合要求。

Sample 5 (2 points)
    Migrant workers have ade agreat contribution to the prosperity of city.miliom of them away from home.they seek works.They work hard earn money for themself.high buildings clean roads and so on.Many of them praised and rewarded.we have now look to them.

评语:
    短文字数不够,语言错误多且严重。


启航教育在线
http://www.aim99.com