Passage 1
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them (1) that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the (2) disorganized methods of their secretaries; (3) alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
Here is an example, (4) which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story (5) which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, (6) who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. “On, that's God," came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position (7) to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you (8) to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider (9) making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be (10) on safer ground if you stick to (11) scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently (12) off-the-cuff remarks, (13) which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember (14) that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences (15) which you can turn about and inject with humor.
(1)宾语从句，有三个并列结构，分别由or 和and 连接
(2)缺乏条理的
(3)另外；反之
(4)定语从句，修饰example
(5)定语从句，修饰story
(6)定语从句，修饰a man in a white coat
(7)由to引导的定语，注意which引导了一个定语从句，修饰experiences and problems
(8)and之后那句话的真正主语
(9)对……说三道四
(10)指不会引起争议
(11)替罪羊
(12)即兴的
(13)定语从句，修饰remarks
(14)remember的宾语从句。注意第二个that引导show的宾语从句。
(15)定语从句，修饰a few words or sentences. turn about, 改动
41. To make your humor work, you should
A.take advantage of different kinds of audience.
B.make fun of the disorganized people.
C.address different problems to different people.
D.show sympathy for your listeners
42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are
A.impolite to new arrivals.
B.very conscious of their godlike role.
C.entitled to some privileges.
D.very busy even during lunch hours.
43. It can be inferred from the text that public services.
A.have benefited many people.
B.are the focus of public attention.
C.are an inappropriate subject for humor.
D.have often been the laughing stock.
44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered
A.in well-worded language.
B.as awkwardly as possible.
C.in exaggerated statements
D.as casually as possible.
45. The best title for the text may be .
A.Use Humor Effectively.
B.Various Kinds of Humor.
C.Add Humor to Speech.
D.Different Humor Strategies.
41.为了使你的幽默有效，你应该：
A.利用不同种类的观众
B.取消缺乏条理的人
C.对不同的人谈不同的问题
D.对你的听众表示同情
42.关于医生的笑话暗示了：在护士的眼里，医生
A.对新来者不礼貌
B.自我感觉像上帝一样
C.享有一些特权
D.即使在午餐时也很忙
43.根据本文可以推测公共服务：
A.有益于很多人
B.是公众注意的焦点
C.不适合做幽默的主题
D.已经成为笑柄
44.为了达到理想的效果，幽默故事必须这样讲：
A.措辞恰当地
B.尽可能生硬地
C.用夸大的言辞
D.尽可能轻松随意地
45.本文最好的标题是：
A.有效利用幽默
B.形式多样的幽默
C.把幽默融入语言
D.不同的幽默战略
【答案】CBDDA
Passage 2
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work (1) that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent (2) gizmos (3) whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals (4) that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual (5) miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems (6) that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
But if robots are to reach the next stage of (7) laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a (8) dynamic world."
Indeed the quest for true (9) artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s (10) when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades (11) if not centuries.
(12) What they found, in attempting to model thought, is (13) that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots (14) that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent (15) that is irrelevant, instantaneously (16) focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.
(1) 定语从句，修饰work
(2)新玩意儿
(3)定语从句，修饰gizmos
(4)定语从句，修饰automated teller terminals
(5)微电子技术
(6)定语从句，修饰robot systems.其中sub millimeter accuracy意为：亚毫米的精确度
(7)劳动力节省
(8)不断变化的
(9)人工智能
(10)定语从句，修饰1960s and 1970s. 注意that 引导宾语从句
(11)即使……也……。by decades if not centuries 意为：即使不是几个世纪，也是几十年
(12)这是整句话的主语
(13)由that引导的表语从句，and 连接两个表语从句
(14)定语从句，修饰robots
(15)定语从句，修饰the 98 percent
(16)动词现在分词作状语
46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in.
A.the use of machines to produce science fiction.
B.the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.
C.the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.
D.the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.
47. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means.
A.programs.
B.experts.
C.devices.
D.creatures.
48. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can
A.fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.
B.interact with human beings verbally.
C.have a little common sense.
D.respond independently to a changing world.
49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .
A.make a few decisions for themselves.
B.deal with some errors with human intervention.
C.improve factory environments.
D.cultivate human creativity.
50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are
A.expected to copy human brain in internal structure
B.able to perceive abnormalities immediately.
C.far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.
D.best used in a controlled environment.
46.人类的创造力最早是在哪儿显现
A.利用机器出版科幻小说
B.在制造业中机器的广泛应用
C.为艰险工作发明的工具
D.精英们对付危险乏味工作的聪明办法
47.“gizmos”(第二段第一句话)很可能是指
A.节目
B.专家
C.装备
D.生物
48.根据本文，设计能做哪些事情的机器人目前还在人的能力范围之外
A.完成像大脑手术这样复杂的任务
B.与人类进行言语交流
C.有一点常识
D.独立回应不断变化的世界
49.除了减少劳力以外，机器人还能够
A.自己做一些决定
B.在人的干预下处理一些小错误
C.改善工厂环境
D.培养人类的创新能力
50.作者引用猴子的例子以提出机器人
A.有望在内部结构上完全复制人脑
B.能够立即察觉异常处
C.在感知相关信息方面远远不如人脑
D.在受控的环境中得到了最好的应用
【答案】CCDBC
Passage 3
Could the bad old days of (1) economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, (2) when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines (3) warning of gloom and doom this time?
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. (4) Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
Yet there are good reasons to expect the (5) economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in (6) the price of crude (7) have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. (8) Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries has reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would (9) increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing (10) emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be (11) more seriously squeezed.
One more reason (12) not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of (13) general commodity-price inflation and (14) global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70% and in 1979 by almost 30%.
(1)经济衰退
(2)由when 引导的定语从句，第一个修饰the 1973 oil shock, 第二个修饰1979-80(oil shock)
(3)动词现在分词做headlines的后置定语
(4)动词现在分词做主语。at the same time as, 同时由于，引导状语。
(5)经济后果
(6)原油价格
(7)产生更弱的影响
(8)三个并列短语做主语。
(9)进口石油增加的费用只占国民生产总值的0.25-0.5%
(10)新兴国家
(11)更严重的打击
(12)可以理解为：不必担心油价上涨
(13)物价普遍暴涨
(14)全球需求过量
51.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is
A.global inflation
B.reduction in supply
C.fast growth in economy
D.Iraq's suspension of exports
52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if
A.price of crude rises
B.commodity prices rise
C.consumption rises
D.oil taxes rise
53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries
A.heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive
B.income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices
C.manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed
D.oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP
54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that
A.oil-price shocks are less shocking now
B.inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks
C.energy conservation can keep down the oil prices
D.the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry
55. From the text we can see that the writer seems
A.optimistic
B.sensitive
C.gloomy
D.scared.
51.最近油价上涨的主要原因是：
A.全球通货膨胀
B.供给减少
C.经济快速增长
D.伊拉克石油禁运
52.从文中可以推断，汽油的零售价会大幅度上升，如果：
A.原油价格上升
B.物价上升
C.消费增加
D.石油税增加
53.《经济展望》中的估计表明在富裕国家：
A.重工业对能源的需求更大了
B.收入损失主要源自原油价格浮动
C.制造业受到了严重的打击
D.石油价格变化对国民生产总值没有大的影响
54.从文中我们可以得出一个结论：
A.石油危机现在已经没有那么令人恐慌了
B.通货膨胀似乎与油价恐慌无关
C.节约能源能够降低石油价格
D.原油价格的上升导致重工业的萎缩
55.从本文可以看出作者的态度是：
A.乐观的
B.敏感的
C.阴郁的
D.害怕的
【答案】BDDAA
Passage 4
The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide (1) carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
(2) Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect," a centuries-old moral principle (3) holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify (4) using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends (5) that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains (6) that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It's like surgery," he says. “We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
(7) On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge (8) that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies (9) the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
The profession is (10) taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, (11) to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these (12) well-meaning (13) medical initiatives (14) translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," (15) to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse." He says (16) medical licensing boards “must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones (17) that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."
(1)对……有重要意义
(2)让步状语从句，that引导ruled的宾语从句
(3)动词现在分词holding引导的后置定语，修饰moral principle. That引导hold的宾语从句an action having two effects is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect，其中having引导an action的后置定语；破折号内为插入语，起补充说明作用
(4)justify的宾语
(5)contends的宾语从句。who引导定语从句修饰doctors；引号内that引导insist的宾语从句
(6)maintain的宾语从句。其中as long as引导条件状语从句，意为：只要医生开药是为了合法的目的
(7)另一方面
(8)acknowledge的宾语从句。whom引导定语从句，修饰patients，在从句中做介词for的宾语
(9)and连接两个名词短语做identify的直接宾语。Identify…as…，确认……为……。引号内that引导定语从句，修饰ineffectual and forced medical procedures
(10)采取措施
(11)三个并列结构做目的状语从句
(12)善意的
(13)医疗动机
(14)转化
(15)达到某种程度
(16)行医执照办法委员会
(17)定语从句，修饰ones
56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that
A.doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain.
B.it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.
C.the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.
D.patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.
57. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?
A.Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death.
B.Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.
C.The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.
D.A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.
58. According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is
A.prolonged medical procedures
B.inadequate treatment of pain.
C.systematic drug abuse.
D.insufficient hospital care
59. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive" (line 3, paragraph 7)?
A.Bold.
B.Harmful
C.Careless
D.Desperate
60. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they
A.manage their patients incompetently.
B.give patients more medicine than needed
C.reduce drug dosages for their patients.
D.prolong the needless suffering of the patients.
56.从前三段我们得知
A.医生过去经常增加药剂量以控制病人的病痛
B.医生帮助垂死之人结束生命仍然是非法的
C.最高法院强烈反对协助病人自杀
D.宪法没有给病人自杀的权利
57.根据本文以下说法哪个正确？
A.如果医生冒险给病人治病，那么他们就是有罪的
B.现代医药已经能帮助晚期病人无痛苦痊愈
C.最高法庭规定可以开高剂量的、减轻病痛的药物
D.医生的药物治疗不再因为其好的意图而被认为是正当的
58.根据国家科学院的报告，临终护理存在的问题之一是：
A.延长了医疗程序
B.对减轻病人的苦痛做得不够
C.药物滥用系统化
D.医院护理不足
59.以下哪个词最好的解释了“aggressive”(第七段第三行)
A.大胆的
B.有害的
C.粗心的
D.绝望的
60.安纳斯可能会同意医生受到惩罚如果他们：
A.对他们的病人治疗不得力
B.给病人超过需要的药物
C.为他们的病人减少药剂量
D.延长病人不必要的苦痛
【答案】BCBAD
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