Passage 1
A history of long and effortless success can be a (1) dreadful handicap, but, (2) if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight ties larger than any competitor, (3) giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves (4) at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine tool industry was (5) on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, (6) which America had invested and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.
All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe (7) that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes-sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.
How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the (8) business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride." American industry has changed its structure, (9) has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government," It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a (10) think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as" (11) a golden age of business management in the United States."
(1)可怕的障碍
(2)if后省略了long and effortless success
(3)状语，由动词现在分词giving引导，意为：使美国经济达到无与伦比的规模
(4)不知所措
(5)岌岌可危
(6)两个都是由which引导的定语从句，修饰the making of semiconducors
(7)宾语从句。And连接两个并列成分。be failing, 落伍
(8)商业周期
(9)go on a diet, 节食。这里理解为：精简机构
(10)智囊机构
(11)商业管理的黄金时期
51.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____.
A.it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
B.its domestic market was eight times larger than before
C.the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors
D.the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy
52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____ .
A.TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
B.semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises
C.machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions
D.auto industry had lost part of its domestic market
53. What can be inferred from the passage?
A.It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.
B.Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.
C.The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.
D.A long history of success may pave the way for further development.
54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____.
A.turning of the business cycle
B.restructuring of industry
C.improved business management
D.success in education
51.美国二战后取得优势是因为：
A.为了达到此目的美国进行了艰苦努力
B.美国国内市场比从前扩大了八倍
C.战争毁了大多潜在竞争者的经济
D.美国无与伦比的劳动力规模给其经济注入活力
52.20世纪80年代美国在世界经济的优势开始丧失，从以下事实可以看出：
A.电视行业退出国内市场
B.半导体行业被外国企业吞并
C.机器工具业在自杀性的行为后崩溃
D.汽车行业失去了部分国内市场
53.从本文可以推断：
A.在自我怀疑和盲目骄傲之间摆动诗人的天性
B.激烈的竞争可以促进经济进步
C.经济复苏依赖于国际合作
D.长时期的成功能为进一步的发展铺路
54.作者似乎相信美国经济在20世纪90年代的复苏归功于：
A.商业周期的运转
B.工业的重组
C.商业管理的改进
D.教育的成功
【答案】CDBA
Passage 2
Being a man has always been dangerous. (1) There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years (2) when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more (3) agent of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of (4) it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today —— everyone (5) being the same in survival and number of offspring——means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.
For us, this means that evolution is over; the (6) biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years —— even the past 100year —— our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those (7) ignorant of evolution: they "look at an (8) organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life (9) beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But (10) however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they would look just like us.
(1)此句是由but与and连接三个并列句构成
(2)定语从句，修饰those crucial years
(3)在此处理解为：因素
(4)指代differences between people
(5)受命相同，所生子女的数目也一样
(6)生物学上的乌托邦
(7)后置定语，修饰those
(8)有机生命体
(9)状语，意为：而不理解它的丑陋
(10) 不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界相差甚远感到多么惊讶。be amazed at, 为……感到惊讶
55. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?
A.A lack of mates.
B.A fierce competition.
C.A lower survival rate.
D.A defective gene.
56. What does the example of India illustrate?
A.Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.
B.Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.
C.The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.
D.India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.
57. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because____.
A.life has been improved by technological advance
B.the number of female babies has been declining
C.our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
D.the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing
58. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution
B.Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution
C.The Evolutionary Future of Nature
D.Human Evolution Going Nowhere
55.根据第一段，做一个男人最大的危险是什么？
A.缺少配偶
B.激烈竞争
C.较低的存活率
D.有缺陷的基因
56.印度的例子说明：
A.富有人的孩子比穷人的少
B.自然选择在富人和穷人之间不起作用
C.中产阶级的人数比部落人数少80%
D.印度是有很高出生率的国家之一
57.作者说我们的身体停止进化是因为
A.技术进步改善了生活
B.女婴的数目在减少
C.我们的物种已经达到了进化的最高阶段
D.贫富差距在逐渐消失
58.以下哪个是这篇文章的最佳标题？
A.人类进化史中的性别分配变化
B.持续人类进化的方式
C.自然的进化前景
D.人类进化已经完成
【答案】CBAD
Passage 3
(1) When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be —— even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right —— it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, in brief, is (2) what the Futurist says: (3) for a century, past conditions of life have continually been speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must (4) pour out a large stream of (5) essential words, unhampered by stops, or (6) qualifying adjectives, or (7) finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes (8) that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find (9) that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: ` Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.'
This, (10) though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no (11) thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: (12) that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
(1)it is advisable一句为主句；when引导时间状语从句；for引导表原因的状语从句
(2)表语从句
(3)对what the Futurist says的解释。Till引导时间状语从句
(4)尽情倾吐
(5)精炼词汇
(6)限制性形容词
(7)限制性动词
(8)read的宾语从句
(9)find的宾语从句
(10)条件状语从句
(11)有头脑的人
(12)同位语从句，做their first proposition的同位语
59. This passage is mainly____.
A.a survey of new approaches to art
B.a review of Futurist poetry
C.about merits of the Futurist movement
D.about laws and requirements of literature
60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____.
A.determine its purposes
B.ignore its flaws
C.follow the new fashions
D.accept the principles
61. Futurists claim that we must____.
A.increase the production of literature
B.use poetry to relieve modern stress
C.develop new modes of expression
D.avoid using adjectives and verbs
62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____.
A.based on reasonable principles
B.new and acceptable to ordinary people
C.indicative of basic change in human nature
D.more of a transient phenomenon than literature
59.本文主要是讲：
A.一个关于艺术新路径的调查
B.对未来主义诗歌的评论
C.未来主义运动的价值
D.文学的规则和要求
60.当新奇的文学思潮出现时，人们应该试着：
A.弄清它的用意
B.忽视它的缺陷
C.跟随新的风尚
D.接受那些论断
61.未来主义者主张我们应当：
A.增加文学作品的产量
B.用诗歌来释放现代生活的压力
C.发展新的表达方式
D.避免用形容词和动词
62.作者相信未来主义诗歌是：
A.基于合理的论断
B.对普通人而言是新的、容易接受的
C.预示了人类本性的基本变化
D.与文学相比它更像一个短暂的现象
【答案】BACD | 
