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同等学力英语统考词汇部分(三)
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词汇级别表

初级 中级 初级 中级
try  attempt get obtain/acquire
teach instruct ask inquire
say state build construct
tell inform give present
need require end conclude
order command paint depict
agree consent effort endeavor
promise pledge/guarantee honesty integrity
express convey goods merchandise
remember recall place location
clap applaud cheat deceive
treasure cherish charge prosecute
mistake error flaw defect
face confront meet encounter
cruel brutal breathe inhale
tie bind break violate
belief conviction surround besiege
help assist begin/start initiate
go up ascend absorb assimilate
rise mount disappear vanish
appear emerge assess appraise
expect anticipate thank appreciate
rich in abundant in enough ample/adequate
reach achieve lack absence
throw cast gather accumulate
lengthen prolong apt prone
amount quantity deep profound
keep retain punish penalize
unbelievable incredible accurate precise
leave depart put place
think of conceive of disbelieve discredit
uncertainty incertitude idea notion
battle campaign continue proceed
encourage inspire boring tedious
support sustain past prior
part section/portion rot decompose
worsen deteriorate intentional deliberate
treatment therapy operation surgery
fight combat different diverse
illness ailment prove validate
tool instrument see perceive


By + Noun
by 可表示①“凭,靠”;②“就……而言,按”;③“因为,由于”等:
①by 表示“凭,靠”:
by skill 凭技术            pay by cash 凭现金支付
by appointment 凭预约      learn by rote 死记硬背
teach by example 身教       by invitation 凭请柬
by air 乘坐飞机            by hand 手工
by intuition 凭直觉           by analysis 凭分析
by all means 用尽一切办法    by no means 决不,根本不
by means of 用,依靠        by way of 通过…的方法
by arrangement 通过安排      by contrast 对比之下
by force 用武力              by road 乘坐汽车,由公路
by plane/train/sea              by one’s estimate 根据某人的估计
②by表示“ 就……而言,按”:
by birth  按出身            by profession 按职业来说
by trade按职业来说          by nature 生来
by blood 按血统             by origin 就来源而言
by education 按所受教育      by religion 按宗教来说
by definition 根据定义        by every measure 按每一种衡量标准
by night/day 夜间/白天
③by表示“因……所致,由于”:
by chance 偶然,碰巧       by accident 偶然,碰巧
by mistake 由于错误         by luck 由于运气好
by design 由于谋划          by good fortune 由于运气好
by reason of 由于            by virtue of 由于,借助
by necessity 必然地,不可避免地

On, At, and Under
on 表示 ①“正在……之中,正处于……的状态中”,一般与定冠词 the 连用,即 “on the + 名词”; ② 与零冠词名词,即“on + 名词”:
⒈ on the + 名词
on the increase 正在上升       on the decrease 正在减少
on the rise 正在上升           on the decline 正在下降
on the move 正在走动         on the run 正在逃跑中      
on the go 正在忙碌之中       on the ebb 正在退潮
on the beat 正在巡视           on the march 正在行军中
on the boil 正在沸腾            on the fly 正在飞行中
on the mend 正在好转           on the watch 正在监视        
on the turn 正在转变中          on the wing 正在飞行中   
⒉ on + 名词
on leave 正在休假             on holiday 正在度假
on strike 正在罢工              on duty 正在值班
on patrol 正在巡逻             on vacation 正在度假
on furlough 〔军人〕正在休假   on business 因公

at + 名词
at 表示“正在从事……,正处于……的状态中”,不能与定冠词连用,即“at + 名词”:
at play 正在玩耍             at work 正在上班
at dinner 正在用餐           at table 正在用餐
at risk 在危险之中           at stake 在危险之中
at leisure 有空的,清闲的     at war 在交战状态中
at rest 静止,不动            at ease 自在的,完全松弛的
at issue 正在争论中的         at school 正在上学
at war (with) (与…)处于交战状态
at odds (with)(与…)争执,不一致

under + 名词
under 表示“正在……之中”的意思;此处的名词不能带冠词,即“under + 名词”:
under control 在控制之中       under way 正在进行之中
under repair 正在维修中        under discussion 正在讨论中 
under attack 受到抨击           under consideration 在考虑中
under examination 正在审查中    under investigation 正在调查中
under study 正在研究中         under revision 正在修订中
under treatment 正在治疗中      under construction 正在建设中


Out Of
a) (away from)是in 或into 的反义词:
out of the way(不碍人的)      in the way (挡道的)
out of fashion (过时的)       in fashion (时髦的)
out of hand (无法控制)       in hand (控制住)
out of order (不整齐)         in order (秩序井然)
out of danger (脱离危险)      in danger (在危险中)
out of sight (看不见的)       in sight (被见到)
out of line 〔口〕出格,举止不当
out of place 不适合,格格不入的,不自在
out of shape (身体)欠佳的;变形(的),不成形,不成样子
out of step 不一致,不协调

b) (without)表示“没有,缺乏”:
out of breath (气喘吁吁)      out of work (失业)
out of patience (没有耐心)     out of tune (走调)
out of stock (脱销)           out of print (绝版)
out of practice (缺乏练习)     out of cash(支付不足)
out of business 没有生意  

c) (because of, indicating motive)表示“由于,出于”:
out of need 出于需要         out of love 出于爱
out of jealousy 出于妒忌       out of concern 出于关心
out of habit 出于习惯          out of politeness 出于礼貌
out of mischief 出于调皮       out of pity出于怜悯
out of curiosity出于好奇       out of spite 出于恶意
out of kindness出于好心       out of sympathy 出于同情

Beyond
A) beyond 表示超出某种范围、限度等,如 beyond description 表示超出可形容的范围,即“无法形容”。
“beyond + 名词”该名词一般为抽象名词:
beyond belief(难以相信)      beyond comparison(无与伦比)
beyond doubt(无可怀疑)      beyond dispute(无可争议)
beyond words(难以形容)     beyond controversy(无可争辩)
beyond question(无可置疑)   beyond imagination(难以想象)
beyond recovery(康复无望)   beyond measure(难以衡量)
beyond hope(无望)          beyond understanding(无法理解)
beyond recognition 无法辨认

Confusables(易混词)
 
Attribute…to / contribute to
Comparable / comparative
Favorable / favorite
Considerate / considerable
Exterior / external
Exceedingly / excessively
Effective / efficient
Economic /economical
Historic / historical
Cue / clue
Comprehensible / comprehensive
Competent / competitive
Circulate / circle
Characteristic / character
Instance / instant
Imaginary / imaginative / imaginable
Industrial / industrious
Initials / initiatives
Installation / installment
Intelligent / intelligible
Intense / intensive
Immediate / intermediate
Interior / internal
Later / latter
Level / lever
Literal / literary / literate
Maximum / minimum
Moral / morale
Motive / motivation
Mystery / myth
Numerous / numerical
Objection / objective
Offense / offensive
Pessimistic / optimistic
Practicable /practical
Quality / qualification / quantity
Rate / ratio
Real / realistic
Respectable / respective(ly)
Receipt / reception
As regards / regard … as
Rouse / arouse
Sensible / sensitive
Sociable / social
Somehow / somewhat
Sore / sour
Resource / source
Special / specific
Subsequent / consequent
Successful / successive
Such as / as such
Sum / summary
Supplement / implement
Vacation / vocation
Variable / variation / variety
Variable / various
Venture / adventure
Wander / wonder
Whatsoever / whatever
Concern / concerning
Consider / considering
Follow / following
Give / given
Include / including
Regard / regarding
Provide / providing (provided)
 


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