三、议论文（提纲作文）
议论文是大纲中要求的常考的一种文体，也是英语写作中的一种重要形式。因此，有必要对如何写好议论文作一介绍，同时提供一定量的写作实践，以提高考生议论文的写作能力。
一般而言，在写议论文时，首先需要明确地阐述自己的思想或观点。在此基础上，要有充分的理由说服别人。同时，还须注意文章要通顺，表达要清晰。议论文写作通常按照提出问题、分析问题、解决问题三个步骤进行，常被称为“三段式”作文。英语议论文写作的基本要求与汉语的要求大体上是相同的，主要有：明确的主题或观点；充分的论据，即支持自己观点的一定量的事实，如实例、个人经历、数字等；层次清晰的论证过程和合理的论证方法，如归纳法、演绎法和驳斥法；同时，在文章的结尾得出结论。
在职攻硕英语作文试题近几年都是以提纲作文的形式出现的，而提纲作文大多可以写成英语的议论文。提纲作文即标题作文一般分为两类：无提纲标题作文和有提纲标题作文。
无提纲标题作文只给出题目。要求考生根据所给的题目，运用恰当的文体，写出切题、流畅、无重大语法错误的文章。由于这类作文只给出题目，因此考生应特别注意审题、立意和选材，具体步骤如下：仔细分析题意，弄清题目涉及的范围，确定文章的中心思想，切忌跑题；选择正确的文体；选择典型材料，拟定合适的提纲。
有提纲标题作文，即试题同时给出作文题目和写作提纲，要求考生按照提纲的内容进行写作。所给提纲或是中文提纲，或是英文提纲。这类作文主要测试考生能否按所限定的条件，有机地组织材料，写出内容充实、文理通顺的文章。有提纲型作文的写作步骤如下：仔细审题，准确理解所给提纲的含义；分析提纲，把握其中的关键词，结合题目确定文章的中心思想，并根据提纲转拟出各段主题句；列出小提纲，根据所给提纲的关键词，筛选所需材料；选择正确的文体进行写作；最后注意内容要写全面，千万不能漏掉提纲中的任何一点。
无论是有提纲标题作文，还是无提纲标题作文，都可以按照对比观点型、解决问题型、说明原因型和阐述主题型四种模式进行写作。下面，我们将逐一阐述提纲作文的四种类型。
（一）对比观点型议论文
1．对比观点型议论文结构模式
（1）引出话题→一种观点认为……另一种观点认为……→我的观点（结论）
（2）描述一事物（现象）→分析其优点→分析其缺点→我的态度（看法）
2．对比观点型议论文写作要领
考生在比较阐述两个不同的观点或分析某事物（现象）的优缺点时，要有自己的观点倾向。对自己赞同的观点可以少花些笔墨，以便在表达自己的观点时还有话可说；对自己反对的观点可以多花些笔墨进行驳斥。如果提纲所列的两个观点自己都不同意，在评论这两个观点时可以平分笔墨。
考生在文章的最后表明自己的态度和看法时，最好给出相应的理由或者提出更好的建议以减少某现象（事物）可能带来的负面效应。
另外，在分别说明论述两种不同观点、某事物（现象）的优缺点、提出建议时，切忌零乱，一定要有条理。可以使用一些过渡词或词组，如：firstly, secondly, finally; for one thing, for another等。
3．对比观点型议论文范文
范文（I）
Directions: In this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words under the title of Why We Work. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in English.
Outline: 1）Some people live to work
2）Other people work to live
3）Your opinion
Why We Work
Why do we work? The answers differ from one person to another because they adopt different attitudes towards work. Some people live to work. They devote themselves to their work. The aim for which they work is to realize the value of life, to promote the development of society and to make more people live happily. They make great contribution to society and at the same time they also find pleasure from their work.
On the contrary, other people work to live. They regard work as a way of making a living. The purpose for which they work is to kill time or to make enough money to support themselves and their families. They often consider work as what they have to do. So they can’t pick up pleasure and enjoyment from their work. Such people, once they can afford to support themselves and their families, perhaps quit their work.
In my opinion, we shouldn’t go to the extremes. Since we are members of society, we should do what we can to better it so that we can live in more comfortable and more convenient surroundings. Good life is an assurance of smooth work. Only when we realize this can we live happily and work well.
模板1
When it comes to 话题 , opinions vary/differ from person to person. Some people claim that 正面观点/一种观点 is superior to 另一种观点 in many ways. First, 理由一 . Secondly, 理由二 . Last but not least,
理由三 .
Nevertheless, other people argue that the opposite/reverse is true./other people believethat 另一种观点 enjoys more advantages. For one thing, 理由一
. For another, 理由二 .
(There are, however, some disadvantages of each one. For example, 一种观点的缺点 . One the other hand, 另一种观点的缺点 .)（可省略）
From what has been discussed above, I personally think 第一/二种观点 carriesmore weights than 第二/一种观点 since 概括理由 .
模板2
There is a general discussion nowadays as to the issue of 现象 . Those who favor/advocate 现象（正面观点） argue/contend that . To begin with, 优点一 In addition, 优点二 . More importantly, 优点三 .
But people who object to/criticize/oppose 现象（反面观点） maintain/assert that the disadvantages are more evident/apparent. In the first place, 缺点一 . In the second place, 缺点二 . Finally. 缺点三 .
Weighing the advantages and disadvantages of 现象 , I am inclined to agree to the former/latter point of view, for 概括理由 .
