（二）考试题型及解题方法

根据考试大纲，阅读理解题型可以分成两大类：主观题和客观题。主观题是测试考生的主观判断能力。要求考生对文章的主旨大意、作者态度和意图、篇章的逻辑关系等作出判断；客观题是测试考生对原文内容中的具体事实和词汇的理解。阅读题型具体包括：① 主旨大意题；② 细节题；③ 词汇题；④ 推论引申题；⑤ 作者态度判断题。不同的题型要求采用不同的阅读方法。阅读理解题中，细节题所占比例最大，约占50%，其他题型平均约占10%左右。

1．主旨大意题

（1）简介

主旨大意题是测试考生对文章主旨和大意的理解，作出对全文的概括与总结。出题人要求考生找到的可能是一篇文章的中心思想，但中心思想可能是整篇的，也可能是某个段落的。其命题方式中含有“main idea, subject, purpose”等词，命题形式有以下三种：① 文章或段落大意；② 文章标题；③ 文章目的。其提问方式如下：

1）What is the main idea of the passage?

2）What does this passage mainly discuss?

3）What is the main topic (point) of the passage?

4）Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

5）Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?

6）What would be the most appropriate title for this passage?

7）What does this passage mainly (primarily) concerned?

8）The passage mainly deals with        .

9）The passage is chiefly concerned with        .

10）The main idea of the passage is        .

11）The author’s purpose in writing this passage is        .

12）The passage mainly deals with        .

13）The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is        .

14）The main theme of this passage is        .

15）The main idea of this selection may be best expressed as        .

16）The key point (The main idea of the passage；The best summary) is        .

为使读者能直接地理解语篇的主旨大意，作者通常采取主题句的写作手法。即用一句或几句话来直接表达主题。这一主题句在意义上具有概括性，在句法上简洁明了，全篇文章的各个部分都紧密围绕主题展开。在内容安排上层层铺述，逐渐深入，直到把某一观点或事情论述得透彻明了。

在找寻主题句时，考生应多注意文章的或段落的首尾部分。例如：

The actual amount of water in the plant at one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combine—in the presence of chlorophyll（叶绿素）and with energy derived from light—to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas—water vapor—to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80℉：saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leafs synthesized into carbonhydrate（碳水化合物）.

该段一开始就说明了主题“The actual amount of water in the plant at one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development”，接下来的句子都是为了进行论证或发展这一主题句。

总之，文章的主题句通常在文章的第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句。

（分别为C和A。