One of the basic and best-know features of civi1ization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon, a result of creativity. It took thousands of years to get from the first whee1 to the 1atest, most advanced model of automobile.

It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkey’s cleverness, be modified into a hook or a ladder. ……

36. What does the author think of the words “civilization”, and “culture”?

A. They are identical.

B. They are different concepts.

C. They can often be 1used interchangeable.

D. They are defined differently by different people.

37. According to the author the word “civilization” originally refers to ______.

A. people’s way of life in cities.

B. people’s ability to live together in cities.

C. a type of social organizations

D. an advanced level of social life

38. The Latin verb colere originally means “______”

A. live in a city.

B. develop oneself

C. promote growth

D. cultivate the land

39. The author believes that creativity ______.

A. is a unique feature of civilized beings

B. brings forth the improvement of tools

C. is the result of human development

D. helps the advance of culture

40. The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that ______.

A. monkeys are the same as birds

B. people once 1ived in caves like monkeys

C. monkeys can never develop into human beings

D. man is different from other animals such as monkeys

Passage Three

The huge growth of global "ecotourism" industry is becoming an increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behavior and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins and gorillas（大猩猩）, says a report in New Scientist.

While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, many projects are poorly designed and unregulated, its says. “Many ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations”

While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, “many projects are poorly designed and hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations.”

Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in New Zealand, said that although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land use and not scaring wildlife, their full impact was rarely considered.